What are the rhetorical differences between these words (vocabularies)?

Question

Freedom/liberty
Essay/article
Spouse/wife
Encouragement/courage
Author/writer
Press/journalism
Answer/reply
Emblem/logo/symbol

I am working on translation and I have no clue when should I use this word or the other one. Could you possibly help me and describe when could I use this word and that word? Thanks ..

Answer 1

Freedom and liberty can generally be used interchangeably.

An essay is subjective, while an article is objective

Spouse can refer to either the man or woman in a marriage, while wife only refers to the woman

Encouragement is the act of someone inspiring another person to have courage. Courage is the quality of being able to face challenges.

An author is someone who writes books while a writer can write any type of written work.

The word press means the news media as a whole. Journalism means the occupation.

Answer and reply can be used interchangeably.

Emblems refer to a concrete object only. Symbols can be either concrete or abstract objects. Logos are graphics or symbols that identify with a business, trademark, or abbreviation.