chickungunya symptoms and cure, treatment ?

Answer 1

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Answer 2

depends on the disease or symptom, it actually saved my life and the life of my son, I had to take it when I was pregnant because I was allergic to legal antinauseants, it was the only thing that worked! Throwing up 30 to 50 times a day was brutal, I couldn't believe it was even possible, I literally became suicidal before I found the cure (suggested by doctor at the hospital) - now i have a happy, healthy, intelligent son, and have become a huge supporter of legalization. It also helps cancer patients be able to curb their nausea and eat, (vomiting and loss of appetite is a common problem for chemo patients, and often causes them to decline so badly that treatment must be stopped) no other drug has the ability to cause the munchies! I'm sure you already know Rachel is wrong, if you're doing research on the subject, it is not more dangerous than cigarettes, much less, actually, and many people do use filters, but a water bong is the safest and most effective way to get the drug into your system - eating it takes too long to be effective, and if vomiting is the problem, it's obviously no good to eat it, and attempts to produce a THC pill failed because they were too strong. In many cases it is the most efficient and effective drug available, whether due to allergies to other drugs or to the fact that it provides what many other drugs can't.

Answer 3

Please see the webpage for more details on Chikungnya
Chikungunya virus occurs in the East, Central and South Africa and in India and south-east Asia. It is the cause of an acute dengue-like pyrexia of sudden onset, associated with intense joint and muscle pains and a rash. In African epidemics case fatality was minimal but the virus has since been found in Thailand associated with a severe haemorrhagic fever, in which the dengue viruses also were involved and also in India. The name of the virus derives from an African language word meaning 'the thing causing bending up', from the contorted position of patients induced by joint pains.
How is chikungunya virus infection treated?
No vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for chikungunya fever is available. Treatment is symptomatic--rest, fluids, and ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, or paracetamol may relieve symptoms of fever and aching. Aspirin should be avoided
Infected persons should be protected from further mosquito exposure (staying indoors and/or under a mosquito net during the first few days of illness) so that they can't contribute to the transmission cycle.

Answer 4

Chikungunya is a relatively rare form of viral fever caused by an alphavirus that is spread by mosquito bites from the Aedes aegypti mosquito, though recent research by the Pasteur Institute in Paris claims the virus has suffered a mutation that enables it to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus (Tiger mosquito). This was the cause of the actual plague in the Indian Ocean and a threat to the Mediterranean coast at present, requiring urgent meetings of health officials in France, Italy, and Spain.

The name is derived from the Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped posture developed as a result of the arthritic symptoms of the disease. The disease was first described by Marion Robinson[1] and W.H.R. Lumsden[2] in 1955, following an outbreak on the Makonde Plateau, along the border between Tanganyika and Mozambique, in 1952. Chikungunya is closely related to O'nyong'nyong virus[3].

Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in 2005-2006, 200 deaths have been associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and a widespread outbreak in India (especially in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh). Andhra Pradesh saw a huge outbreak which spread to neighbouring states. As of September 2006, after the flood and heavy rains in Rajasthan in August 2006, India, thousands of cases have been detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. As of October 12, 2006 in the southern indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths are attributed to Chikungunya and majority of the casualties were reported in the district of Alapuzha [mainly in Cherthala Taluk]. This latest outbreak in Alappuzha is supposed to have transferred from Parassala, the southrenmost point of Kerala state where a recent outbreak were reported before the episodes of Alappuzha started. Kerala goverment has termed this as an epidemic outbreak, whereas the TamilNadu government has refused that the deaths caused in the state wasnot due to chikungunya

The symptoms of Chikungunya include fever which can reach 39 °C, (102.2 °F) a petechial or maculopapular rash usually involving the limbs and trunk, and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints which can be debilitating. The symptoms could also include headache, conjunctival infection, and slight photophobia. In the present epidemic in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, India, high fever and crippling joint pain are the prevalent complaint. The fever typically lasts for two days and abruptly comes down. However, other symptoms, namely joint pain, intense headache, insomnia and an extreme degree of prostration last for a variable period, usually for about 5 to 7 days.

Dermatological manifestations observed in a recent outbreak of Chikungunya fever in Southern India (Dr. Arun Inamadar,Dr. Aparna Palit, Dr.V.V. Sampagavi, Dr. Raghunath S, Dr. N.S. Deshmukh), Western India (Surat) (Western India reported by Dr. Buddhadev) and Eastern India (Puri) (Dr. Milon Mitra et al) includes the following:

Maculopapular rash
Nasal blotchy erythema
Freckle-like pigmentation over centro-facial area
Flagellate pigmentation on face and extremities
Lichenoid eruption and hyperpigmentation in photodistributed areas
Multiple aphthous-like ulcers over scrotum, crural areas and axilla.
Lympoedema in acral distribution (bilateral/unilateral)
Multiple ecchymotic spots (Children)
Vesiculobullous lesions (infants)
Subungual hemorrhage
Photo Urticaria
Acral Urticaria
Pedal oedema (swelling of legs) is observed in many patients, the cause of which remains obscure as it not related to any cardiovascular, renal or hepatic abnormalities.

Treatment
There is no specific treatment for Chikungunya. Vaccine trials were carried out in 2000, but funding for the project was discontinued and there is no vaccine currently available. A serological test for Chikungunya is available from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Chloroquine is gaining ground as a possible treatment for the symptoms associated with Chikungunya and as an antiviral agent to combat the Chikungunya virus. According to the University of Malaya, "In unresolved arthritis refractory to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chloroquine phosphate (250 mg/day) has given promising results." [1] Research by Italian scientist, Andrea Savarino, and his colleagues in addition a French government press release in March 2006 [2] have added more credence to the claim that chloroquine may be effective in treating Chikungunya. The CDC fat sheet on Chikungunya advises against using Aspirin. Ibuprofen, Naproxen and other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are recommended for arthritic pain and fever.

Infected persons should limit further exposure to mosquito bites, stay indoors and under a mosquito net. Further, "supportive care with rest is indicated during the acute joint symptoms. Movement and mild exercise tend to improve stiffness and morning arthralgia, but heavy exercise may exacerbate rheumatic symptoms."