This question is vague enough. Do you mean from ore?
Most metallic ores are oxydes, so the first step is to remove the oxydizing agent (oxygen) to get to the metal. For iron, this is achived by reacting the ore with carbon, which will capture the oxygen, causing a reduction of the iron oxyde back to iron metal.
For aluminium, hydroxyde solution is used, and the resulting compound then reduced through electrolysis, which is why aluminium is more expensive than steel. For magnesium, electrolysis is alos used, and for titanium, the rpocess requires magnesium as a reactant, making titanium very expensive.
Each metal has its own refining process, varying in cost and difficulty. The easiest, in a way, are precious metals like gold and platinum. Those metals are so unreactive that they are usually not found as oxydes, but as pure metal. Here the cost is from the fact you have to process tons of ore to get a tiny bit of the desired metal, because it is very rare even in high quality ore.
2006-11-04 14:29:41
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answer #1
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answered by Vincent G 7
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if you want refining look to the second answer.
but.... what constitutes a metal. many solid elements are not considerds metals like phosphorus. or sulphur. most known metals are aluminum, iron, gold, copper, tin, ect
how are they made. in the cores of massive stars. at least 5 times larger then the sun. heres how, a star is in a constant tug of war between 2 forces, gravity and nuclear replusion, the forse that keeps atoms from touching. star shine becuase gravity at the core is so great the atoms of hygrogen are moving so fast the nuclear force doesnt have time to keep the particles apart and they bond. 2 protons make helium with 2 electrons around them
in a few Billion years the hygrogen fuel begins to run out and the core cools slightly alowing gravity to squeeze down on the core again creating enough pressure to fuse helium into boron
(4) the when hellium runs short again gravity makes boron into carbon(8) then into magnesium, sulphur, calcium. and if the star is large enough to make iron (26) then the star has a core temp of a billion degrees and has grown from gaint to super giant as the heat pushes the outer layer farther out but gravity still keeps them together
once the stars core begins to make iron then its near its death beacuase theres a problem once atom fuse to make iron. when 2 hellium fuse theres a little energy released with each pair that fuse. but when 2 atoms fuse to make iron there no energy released. iron absorbs the energy and the chain reaction quickly dies. no theres a huge porblem. as gravity once and finally take over. then star begins the shrink, the iron at the core center gets squeezed to the point called maximum scrunch. at this point the star once big enought to encompase the orbit of mars has shrank to the size of jupiter. then the largest explosion the universe has seen sence the big-bang - A SUPER NOVA. only in this event are the elemants larger than iron like gold (78) and uranium (92) are created. spewing star stuff back into the cosmos from which new stars and planets can be made
2006-11-04 23:12:51
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answer #2
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answered by darkpheonix262 4
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Hi. Metals are all made the same way, at the cores of stars and supernovas. We just find some on Earth as ore or lying around like gold and silver.
2006-11-04 22:20:54
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answer #3
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answered by Cirric 7
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