what does mendelian genetics mean.?

Answer 1

Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics. They were initially derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was "re-discovered" in 1900, and were initially very controversial. When they were integrated with the chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics.
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Answer 2

Mendelian Genetics Definition

Answer 3

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what does mendelian genetics mean.?

Answer 4

It's a way to look at dominant vs. recessive traits. Dominant means that if you have at least one dominant, you have the trait. Recessive means that if you have two recessives, you have the trait. Sometimes, two dominants mean that you die from the trait (like in Tay-Sachs disease--you have to have one recessive gene to survive with it and only be a carrier.) Or it just means you got a dominant gene from both the egg and sperm. Works for plants and animals--anything that reproduces sexually.

It's where you have the little square, like:
Aa*Aa Distribute to form:
AA Aa
aA aa

That means, the Aa is a dominant (capital letter) and recessive (lower-case letter.) Say you're looking at the trait of dimples, a simple dominant trait (not linked to other traits.) So, Dd would be a person with dimples from one parent, and no dimples from the other parent. This person would have dimples. What if the Dd had sex with another Dd--what would their children's chance of having dimples be? Distribute the traits:
Dd*Dd
DD Dd
Dd dd

This means, 3/4 of the offspring would have dimples (75% chance, by regular DNA splitting.) The other 1/4 wouldn't have dimples (25% chance--two recessives, doesn't have dimples.) These are probabilities--all the kids could have them, or none.

Mendel used peas (which are actually pretty complex, since most plants have a lot more chromosomes than humans. But dominant vs. recessive isn't a hard concept to work out.)

His thing was wrinkly peas vs. smooth peas. I think wrinkly peas were recessive. He also looked at yellow vs. green, I think. We'll just say wrinkly peas are recessive, since I don't remember.

W is smooth, and w is wrinkly.
WW crossed with WW equals all smooth peas.
WW WW
WW WW

WW crossed with Ww equals all smooth peas.
WW Ww
WW Ww
The Ww has a recessive gene, but it's still smooth since dominant is expressed if it's present.

Ww crossed with Ww equals 75% smooth, 25% wrinkly.
WW Ww
Ww ww
Only ww is wrinkly.

ww crossed with ww equals 100% wrinkly.

ww ww
ww ww

Hope it helps. This would make more sense with the little squares. It can also go bigger, with more genes, like AaBbCc *AABBCC, or something like that. You just use a bigger square. And more time to distribute.

Answer 5

In the mid-1800s, a monk named Gregor Mendel, working in Brno in the Czech Republic, carried out an amazing piece of scientific detective work. Mendel observed that the offspring of certain plants had physical characteristics similar to the physical characteristics of the plants' parents or ancestors. Gregor Mendel wondered why related organisms, both plant and animal, tended to resemble one another and how familial resemblances might be explained. Gregor Mendel reasoned that close observation of inheritance might provide him with the answer for which he searched. He therefore set out to examine and quantify the physical traits in pea plants (because of their speedy reproductive cycles) in an attempt to predict the traits that would occur in future generations.

During years of painstaking work, Mendel counted many thousands of instances of seven different traits, including plant height, flower color and position, seed color and shape, and pod color and shape. Mendel concluded that certain particles or "factors" were being transmitted from parent to offspring and so on, thus providing a connection from one generation to the next. Mendel suggested that these factors were directly responsible for physical traits. His interpretation of the experimental data further suggested that each individual had not one, but two factors for each trait, and that these factors interacted to produce the final physical characteristics of the individual. Both the location and the identity of Mendel's factors remained unknown for years.

Answer 6

It pretty much means regular genetics. Gregor Mendel was the first to discover germ lines, even though he didn't realize the significance of his discovery.

Answer 7

Gregor Mendel showed that characteristics were inherited from both parents, and discovered dominant / recessive genes.

Answer 8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_genetics

The laws of inheritance were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th century Austrian monk, who was conducting plant hybridity experiments. Between 1856 and 1863, he cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants. His experiments brought forth two generalizations which later became known as Mendel's Laws of Heredity or Mendelian inheritance. These are described in his paper "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" that was read to the Natural History Society of Brno on February 8 and March 8, 1865, and was published in 1866.[1]

Mendel's results were largely neglected. Though they were not completely unknown to biologists of the time, they were not seen as being important. Even Mendel himself did not see their ultimate applicability, and thought they only applied to certain categories of species. In 1900, however, the work was "re-discovered" by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak. The exact nature of the "re-discovery" has been somewhat debated: De Vries published first on the subject, and Correns pointed out Mendel's priority after having read De Vries's paper and realizing that he himself did not have priority, and De Vries may not have acknowledged truthfully how much of his knowledge of the laws came from his own work, or came only after reading Mendel's paper. Later scholars have accused Von Tschermak of not truly understanding the results at all.

Regardless, the "re-discovery" made Mendelism an important but controversial theory. Its most vigorous promoter in Europe was William Bateson, who coined the term "genetics", "gene", and "allele" to describe many of its tenets. The model of heredity was highly contested by other biologists because it implied that heredity was discontinuous, in opposition to the apparently continuous variation observable. Many biologists also dismissed the theory because they were not sure it would apply to all species, and there seemed to be very few true Mendelian characters in nature. However later work by biologists and statisticians such as R.A. Fisher showed that if multiple Mendelian factors were involved for individual traits, they could produce the diverse amount of results observed in nature. Thomas Hunt Morgan and his assistants would later integrate the theoretical model of Mendel with the chromosome theory of inheritance, in which the chromosomes of cells were thought to hold the actual hereditary particles, and create what is now known as classical genetics, which was extremely successful and cemented Mendel's place in history.

Mendel's law of segregation

Figure 3 : The color alleles of Mirabilis jalapa are not dominant or recessive.(1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation. The "red" and "white" allele together make a "pink" phenotype, resulting in a 1:2:1 ratio of red:pink:white in the F2 generation.

The color alleles of Mirabilis jalapa are not dominant or recessive.

(1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation. The "red" and "white" allele together make a "pink" phenotype, resulting in a 1:2:1 ratio of red:pink:white in the F2 generation.
Figure 1 : Dominant and recessive phenotypes.(1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation. Dominant (red) and recessive (white) phenotype look alike in the F1 (first) generation and show a 3:1 ratio in the F2 (second) generation

Figure 1 : Dominant and recessive phenotypes.

(1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation. Dominant (red) and recessive (white) phenotype look alike in the F1 (first) generation and show a 3:1 ratio in the F2 (second) generation

Mendel's law of segregation, also known as Mendel's Second Law, essentially has four parts.

1. Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters. This is the concept of alleles. Alleles are different versions of genes that impart the same characteristic. Each human has a gene that controls eye color, but there are variations among these genes in accordance with the specific color the gene "codes" for.
2. For each characteristic, an organism inherits two genes, one from each parent. This means that when somatic cells are produced from two gametes, one allele comes from the mother, one from the father. These alleles may be the same (true-breeding organisms, e.g. ww and rr in Fig. 3), or different (hybrids, e.g. wr in Fig. 3).
3. If the two alleles differ, then one, the dominant allele, is fully expressed in the organism's appearance; the other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance. In other words, the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype of the organism; however this does not always hold true. Today, we know several examples that disprove this "law", e.g. Mirabilis jalapa, the "Japanese wonder flower" (Fig. 3). This is called incomplete dominance. There is also codominance on a molecular level, e.g. people with sickle cell anemia, when normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells mix and prevent malaria.
4. The two alleles for each characteristic segregate during gamete production. This is the last part of Mendel's generalization. The two alleles of the organism are separated into different gametes, ensuring variation.

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Answer 9

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c. The A and a alleles are at the same locus on homologous chromosomes (The A allele would have come from one parent, and the a from the other.)