What would happen if you put a different blood group into someone?

Question

Such as they are A + and you put in A-, whay would the effects be?

Answer 1

Something bad I'm sure !!

Answer 2

The short answer: It depends.

The long answer:

When you put "blood" into people, you actually put packed red blood cells in (not plasma). The issue is therefore cross-reactivity between the patient's plasma (carrying antibodies) and the donor blood cells (with antigens on the surface).

As the recipient, you make antibodies to virtually all the antigens (surface cell proteins) that you don't have in your body. Your blood group is defined by the antigens on the surface of your red blood cells.

So: A person of group "A" has "A" antigen on their cells, and "B" antibody in their blood.
A person of group "B" has "B" antigen on their cells, and "A" antibodies in their blood.
A person of group "AB" has "A" and "B" antigens on their cells, and neither antibody in their blood.
A person of group "O" has neither "A" or "B" antigens on their cells, and hence both antibodies in their blood.

If the antigens meet their corresponding antibody, then a reaction occurs and the cells clump together.

From this, it can been seen that:

A group "A" person can have "A" blood or "O" blood
A group "B" person can have "B" blood or "O" blood
A group "AB" person can have any sort of blood.
A group "O" person can only have "O" blood.

The "+" or "-" refers to another, different type of blood group called "Rhesus" groups. The "+" means that the blood cells have the "Rhesus" antigen.

Therefore a Rhesus positive person can have positive or negative blood as they have no Rhesus antibodies, but a Rhesus negative person can only have Rhesus negative blood.

So, your original question - A person who is "A+" can have "A-" blood.

From the above, it can be seen that anyone can have "O negative" blood. Therefore, this is often kept in reserve in Accident and Emergency departments as, in an emergency, it can be given to any patient without checking compatibility in the lab (although, if there is time to check, then it is best to do so - see below).

However, there are at least 63 other blood group types present - they just cause much less reaction than the ABO and Rhesus groups, and so they aren't formally noted on blood. However, just to make sure that there isn't some other mis-match between the patient and the donor blood, when blood is requested for a patient in a hospital, a small quantity of the bag of blood is mixed, in the lab (without contamination of the rest of the bag) with some of the patients' own blood, to make sure that the two are compatible. This is called "crossmatching".

Answer 3

Some blood types are not compatible.
AB+ is known to be the universal receiver, meaning it can receive any blood type and any Rhesus factor (meaning the + or -).
O+ is known to be the universal donor, meaning they can donate to every other group.
Now there still are some problems when you receive blood from different blood groups, depending on what quantity has been transfused. From nothing to death because of rejection disease.

For the Rhesus factor, + means it has Rhesus antigens, whilst - means it produces antibodies. Mix them together and - will literally attack +.

For a A+ person who receives A- blood in a small quantity (usually 300 ml) this is not a big issue. With greater quantities (say around 1 liter), the A- blood would represent around 1/4 - 1/5 of the whole blood in the body. This would result in possible kidney, liver and spleen failure, due to the above mentioned +/- aggression.

Answer 4

All cells have what are called 'cell surface antigens'. These are basically thousands of tiny proteins embedded on the surface of the cell. These proteins vary between different types of cell. EG Your liver cells will have different Antigens to your kidney cells, and your muscle cells, and so on. Certain antigens are used by your immune system to tell if a cell it encounters belongs there. So, a bacterial cell will not 'look right' to you immune system, as it will not have the 'self' antigens, and so the immune system will kill it.

Several antigens make the basis for your blood group: A, B, and Rh.
Group A = You have antigen A
Group B = You have antigen B
Group AB = You have both antigens A and B
Group O = You have neither A or B

The + and - indicate whether you have Rh or not.

Your immune system will attack whatever antigen types it detects, which are not yours. So, if you are A, and you are given B or AB, your immune system will attack the foreign cells. Unless you are given another blood transfusion very quickly, you will die, as your blood system will be destroyed by your immune system, which thinks the new cells are invaders, and a threat to the body.

Interstingly. if you have blood type AB+, you can receive any type of blood, because your immune system will already recognise all of the antigen types - you are universal receivers! However, this means that your blood can only be given to others who are AB+

By contrast, if your are O- you can only ever receive O- blood, becasue your immune system will consider anything else foreign, as you don't naturally possess any of the antigens. However, this also means that your blood is the most valuable for donation, as it can be given to anyone, as there are no antigens present to upset someone else's immune system - you are universal givers! This is why on TV shows you will hear doctors calling for "O neg!"

Answer 5

It depends what blood groups you are talking about.......
but if they are not compatible between the donor blood and the patient it can lead to blood clumping or agglutination.

The clumped red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions.The agglutinated red cells can clog blood vessels and stop the circulation of the blood to various parts of the body!!

The agglutinated red blood cells also crack and its contents leak out in the body. The red blood cells contain hemoglobin which becomes toxic when outside the cell. This can have fatal consequences, like death!! :o
tc

Answer 6

The person's own blood would react against the introduced blood and produce antibodies. The person would then die. If blood was interchangeable, it wouldn't matter what group you were when you gave blood. It would all just go into the same packaging regardless and be pumped into whoever whenever and it wouldn't matter.

Answer 7

well if a person is A+ n u transfuse A- then nothing will happen provided cross matching is accurate...but if u transfuse A+ blood to A- person it ,ll show transufusion reaction as persons with negative blood have antibdies against rest of the positive blood type so they will show reaction called transfusion reaction which can lead to even shock and death.thats why transfusions should be done vyer carefully.

Answer 8

I think you would die. Blood is very complicated as I found out when I asked about blood groups at the Blood Bank at the local hospital. You can't just mix them.

Answer 9

identifying whether a different blood group can be given to somebody is complicated, but done everyday in medicine.However it needs to be accurate before the transfussion or the person's true blood rejects the infusion clotting it and therefore blocking the circulatory system resulting in severe damage to the associated tissue or death.

Answer 10

rejection that would eventually result to death...
the person's body would not be able to hold life any longer. their would be blood clotting that would clog the veins and arteries and eventually would clog the aorta and the pulmonary vein, the most important blood vessels of the body. the person might have multiple organ systems failure. the immune system would get very weak and the person would have severe infections....
the human body was created to host only one single blood group......

Answer 11

Generally the body would reject it, it can be life threatening. Although O negative blood can be used for people in all blood groups, and people in the AB blood group can recieve blood of any type