Read Hume. He is right. You cannot prove it one way or the other.
On the other hand, he agreed the evidence favors that God exists rather than he does not. However, here is the best I can do:
It is impossible to show God does not exist, for even if God never reveals Himself, that does not prove He does not exist.
Fundamentally, atheists do not believe in God because believers cannot prove God Exists. Secondarily, Atheists tend to be against the exclusivity arguments of faith-based religions. Why? How do you prove which religion is the right religion, when all religions are faith-based? Third, there are some classic arguments that are used to support atheism that are discussed below.
The Goodness Arguments Against God
A strong argument against God’s existence was the concept that evil would not exist if there truly were a God. The “assumption” is that since God is inherently “good”, then He would never have allowed evil, pain and suffering. This is a reason-based argument that is self-justified based on the initial assumption.
If reality is only God, then reality, as God, is inherently good. However, if we also assume, what is true in reality, that an “inherently good God” created us (people) with “free will”, then, it is not God causing evil, pain, tragedy, war and suffering; we do.
We need to learn to avoid evil, just like when a child touches something hot they learn to avoid it due to pain. We learn from our mistakes or grow from our tragedies, no matter how much we despair about them. Both happiness and pain are part of life. Tragedy is hard to accept and cannot be justified.
An “inherently good” parent does not protect their children from all harm and risk, they “let go”. So does an “inherently good” God. Since we have free will, we also have freedom and liberty, and that allows growth, happiness and suffering.
Another question is: are people inherently good or evil? It would not make sense that an inherently good God would create humanity to be inherently evil. Thus, why do we still contend with evil? If evil (as in good and evil) is a variant of pain (as in pain and pleasure), then why has humanity not learned how to not keep putting their hand in the fire (pain) and thus allow tragedy (evil, like war)? The existence of evil is a symptom (effect) that indicates that humanity is on the wrong path (hand in the fire).
The answer quite frankly is that each generation, in each society of humanity, has not learned how to pass moral learnings on to the next generation. Consider that in the year 2006, there are no moral absolutes that are understood by all in society (laws are not moral absolutes), nor is there yet a justification for any moral absolute that is defendable. Thus, humanity keeps making the same mistakes, over and over, generation after generation, society after society.
In fact, an inherently good God gives answers, and a society of people sometimes learns these truths (and becomes great), and often ignores them (and becomes broken). Until this cycle is broken, and we learn how to “effectively teach” and “emotionally absorb” basic moral truths, evil and tragedy will play a terrifying role in human affairs.
The Epicurean Argument
Another argument, by Epicurus from ancient times, was rhetorical and convincing, although it also was unrealistic. Epicurus’ argument was another variation of the “God” is inherently good argument.
“Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able?
Then he is not omnipotent.
Is He able but not willing?
Then He is malevolent.
Is he both able and willing?
Then whence cometh evil?
Is he neither able nor willing?
Then why call Him God?” -- Epicurus
Accepting Epicurus’s argument leads to an unavoidable and unrealistic conclusion. If God to be God must prevent evil to prove He is “able” to be God, then there is no other conclusion; we lose “free will”. Allowing free will is a far harder choice than protecting people from harm and tragedy. God allows us to grow and become.
In a broader sense, humanity has been sporadically “willing” (trying) to prevent evil, but has not yet learned how to be “able” to do so correctly and consistently. The crux is that evil must be prevented by each of us individually. Otherwise, we have no free will from God, or freedom in Society. [If God refuses to be our dictator, then society and government has no justification for tyranny in any of its guises while we live.]
Note: this is meant to oppose any argument to create a conformist society, with no privacy, to eliminate evil, as much as we all would want the consequences of evil to be eliminated (murder, rape, etc.). The basic truism is that evil is symptomatic of a people without a moral foundation. For example, capital punishment may be a just consequence for murder, but it will not eliminate evil, for it does not address the cause of evil. A basic tenet of life, which is aligned with God allowing free will, is to develop moral individuals in a free and just society.
The Paradox of the Stone Argument
Another argument used by atheists is the “Paradox of the Stone”. This is a logical argument that tries to show that there are inconsistencies in believing God exists. The paradox is:
Can God create a stone so heavy He cannot lift it? Either He can or He cannot. If He does either, that shows He cannot do the other. This shows that God is not omnipotent, and thus, He does not exist.
In reply to this argument, infinity needs to be understood. For example, assume an infinity of numbers are made up of odd numbers and even numbers. Then, divide infinity into 2 groups, one group of even numbers, and one group of odd numbers. Are either of the groups of odd or even numbers equal to ½ of infinity? Or, are they still infinity?
The odd numbers and the even numbers are both still infinite. Meaning that an infinite set of odd numbers, and an infinite set of even numbers, and the combination of both sets of numbers are all infinity, the same thing. This is not a true paradox, since it is known that infinity is undefined, and that transfinite arithmetic creates false paradoxes.
Continuing the reply to this argument: if God is omnipotent, that means He is infinitely powerful. In addition, as God creates stones that are heavier and heavier, that He can lift, the weight of these stones approaches infinity.
This argument is a false paradox because it is an invalid argument when comparing 2 infinities: infinite power (omnipotence) and infinite weight (of the stones). Infinity is undefined. Infinity cannot be greater or less than itself.
Rhetorical Arguments
The other arguments from atheists are more rhetorical or intimidating. For example:
Marx’s statement that “religion was the opiate of the masses” was a sarcastic remark disdaining honest believers. In addition, Marx used demagoguery by appealing to the intellectual’s sense of elitism, separating them from religion, and provided a pseudo non-elitist theory that gained their support.
Ayn Rand’s effort to dismiss religion by remarking she “did not believe in a haunted universe” was but a tart reply.
Friedrich Nietzsche, the German existentialist philosopher grandiosely stated, “God is dead” in 1882. Many intellectuals rallied to this statement since they felt progress in science would cause a decline in religious faith.
Regardless, religion “is not” the opiate of the masses. The universe “is not” haunted. God “is not” dead. These intimidating and generally influential remarks are typical of atheists. They are designed to subjectively influence people toward the atheist’s beliefs, or more accurately, lack of beliefs.
Conclusion
Atheists cannot show God does not exist, thus they are atheists by faith. The intellectual basis of atheism is the weakest of all 4 Quadrants.
2006-10-17 14:42:26
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answer #1
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answered by Cogito Sum 4
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