how quenching process affects metal properties?

Answer 1

quench refers to a rapid cooling. In polymer chemistry and materials science, quenching is used to prevent low-temperature processes such as phase transformations from occurring by only providing a narrow window of time in which the reaction is both thermodynamically favorable and kinetically accessible. For instance, it can reduce crystallinity and thereby increase toughness of both alloys and plastics (produced through polymerization).

In metallurgy, it is most commonly used to harden steel by introducing martensite, in which case the steel must be rapidly cooled through its eutectoid point, the temperature at which austenite becomes unstable. In steel alloyed with metals such as nickel and manganese, the eutectoid temperature becomes much lower, but the kinetic barriers to phase transformation remain the same. This allows quenching to start at a lower temperature, making the process much easier. High-speed steel also has added tungsten, which serves to raise kinetic barriers and give the illusion that the material has been cooled more rapidly than it really has. Even cooling such alloys slowly in air has most of the desired effects of quenching.

In fluorescence, it refers to any process which decreases the fluorescence intensity of a given substance. A variety of processes can result in quenching, such as excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex formation and colissional quenching.

Molecular oxygen and the iodide ion are common chemical quenchers.

In superconducting magnet technology, quench refers to a thermal runaway of the superconducing magnet. The energy stored in the magnet is released leading to an increase in the magnet's temperature.

In a high voltage spark gap, fuse, or circuit breaker, quenching refers to the successful extinguishing an electric arc. Quenching is accomplished by temporarily removing current (possibly during an AC zero crossing, or by physically stretching or rapidly cooling the arc's channel). Once quenched, the dielectric strength of the gap recovers sufficiently to prevent immediate reignition of the arc.
In materials science, quenching is the rapid cooling of a solid to lock it into a metastable crystal structure rather than allow it to cool slowly and revert to a softer structure. It is most commonly used to harden steel by introducing martensite, in which case the steel must be cooled from a temperature at which austenite is stable.
Quenching is a general term for non-radiative de-excitation. One major reason for non-radiative de-excitation is collisions. As a consequence is the quenching often heavily dependent on pressure and temperature. Quenching poses a problem for non-instant spectroscopic methods, such as laser-induced fluorescence.
Quenching is a term used also in internal combustion chamber, when the rapid cooling of fuel inside the combustion chamber prevents the fuel from burning. This situation is commonly observed in diesel (compression ignition) engines which run on natural gas, when running at lower speed. It dramatically reduces the efficiency and increases knocking and might cause engine to stall.
Quench is an album by The Beautiful South.

Answer 2

Quenching and case hardening are used to make a shaped product harder. Quenching by it self makes the metal very hard and very brittle, tempering after quenching is used to reduce the brittleness and improve overall properties.

Answer 3

a. chemical, the rusting reacts with the carbon dioxide interior the air b. actual, no chemical components or components are mandatory for ice to soften c. chemical d. chemical, that's each and every type of chemical components blended at the same time in a firework to reason the reaction e. actual

Answer 4

It modifies the crystalline structure of the matter.