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what are the different types of floor tiles available in india ,their uses, sizes and of the material?

2006-10-10 03:07:46 · 3 answers · asked by kaushan s 1 in Home & Garden Decorating & Remodeling

3 answers

The tiles come in 16 x 16 and 20 x 20 squares.
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2006-10-13 18:30:37 · answer #1 · answered by damsel36 5 · 0 0

www.okorder.com

2014-08-11 21:56:36 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Flooring and Tiling
Fixing and polishing of floor tiles is a skilled job. The beauty of the house is enhanced due to a good flooring. Generally in text books, least importance is given to tiling work. But practically tiling work is most important activity as it directly affects the beauty of the house. Practical Building Construction and its Management presents practical guidelines

In the market there are number of leading companies manufacturing the tiles of different sizes, patterns and designs. The cost varies as per the quality of tiles.

The different types of flooring are marble mosaic flooring (gray,white,pink), polished stones like Kotah, Shahabad, Tandoor and other natural stones, marble and granite flooring, rough Shahabad flooring, ceramic tile flooring, I.P.S. flooring, chequered tile flooring etc.

Tools required for flooring work are trowel (thapi), mortar pan (ghamelas), spades (phawdas) etc., wooden batten (patti) of 2 m length, P.V.C table level 10m long and spirit level, right angle,string (line dori), wooden mallet, wooden float (randha) 1.5 m long, 200 litre capacity M.S. barrel, small chisels/hammer), farma (template) for dressing work, wooden farma (template) for skirting reference, tile cutting machine, equipment for cutting of glazed tiles, polishing machine, polishing stones of appropriate numbers.

The material specification and its checking for different tiles is explained below :

Mosaic tiles:check whether the received tiles and skirting are of same lot or not. This can be checked by the colour strips marked on one of the sides of the tiles and skirtings. Stacking of the tiles should be done lot wise. Corners of the mosaic tiles and skirting should be sharp and unbroken. Diagonals and size of tile should be checked . No variation in tile size is allowed. Tiles should be checked for its straightness. Corners of the tiles should not be bent. Check the polish of the mosaic tiles and skirtings from the received lot with the help of polish stone or brickbat; check whether they are matching with each other. Also see that the chips are neatly and evenly distributed. Six nos. of tiles in each lot of 20,000 tiles should be sent to material testing laboratory for testing and this report should be submitted to head office.

Cuddappa stone: Check the edges of the cuddappa stone. These should not be broken during transportation. More damaged stones should be replaced from the supplier. Check the thickness of the cuddappa stone. Thickness between 25 to 40 mm is acceptable. Check the size of the cuddappa stone. It should be as per the required size. Also check the diagonals of the stone. Diagonals should be equal. Check for single polish and double polish (both the faces) of cuddappa stones.

Marble stone: Check the trade name and quality of marble, whether it is as per indent or not. Check all the marble lot by stretching each peace with some metal piece. Clear ringing sound should be heared. The cracked marble pieces should be rejected. Check the thickness of the marble. There should be no large variation in thickness of the marble. Check the sizes of the marble stones and diagonals of the same. Check edges of the marble. More damaged pieces should be rejected.

Glazed tiles:Check the quality of the glazed tiles such as 1st, 2nd etc. It is marked on the glazed tile boxes. Check the thickness, company’s trade name and size of the glazed tile. Check the colour and design pattern from various boxes of same lot. There should not be any difference between the colours of tiles from same lot. Check the quantity of tiles in one box and multiply the same by no. of boxes for exact quantity of glazed tiles.

Other tiles: Check the sizes and diagonals of the tiles. These should be as per requirement. Check the thickness, edges of the tiles. Confirm that tiles are free from cracks. Confirm the quality of the tiles.

Preparation for mosaic tile flooring work:Before executing the flooring work of any flat/unit preparations and checks should be carried out.

Surface preparation: For flooring work, surface should be clean and levelled. There should not be any cement mortar lumps on slab and corner of the rooms. Skirting margin should be sufficient from the surface level.

Lime mortar preparation: Lime mortar or bedding mortar under flooring should be prepared well in advance before flooring work. This is also called as ‘machine’ material. This mortar is to be prepared in lime mixer or mortar mill (chuna ghani) in the proportion 1:3:3; 1 being lime and 3 being sand and shingle respectively. This mortar should be spread evenly in all the rooms with reference to thiyyas i.e. level dots.

Taking preference levels: On main door frame of the flat, mark fixed line from the floor and transfer this fixed marking to all other door frames of all the flats on that particular floor of the building. Transfer this level (khachara level) on walls also and mark lines on all the walls temporarily with the help of red colour. These lines are very useful for checking the level of tiling work and machan work at all the stages.

Machan work (Mortar Bed): After taking level markings in all the rooms proceed for ‘Machan Work’ i.e. lime mortar bed for flooring tiles. Taking ‘thiyyas’ i.e. level dots below every level marking in corners. With the help of these corner ‘thiyyas’, take thiyyas in centre of the room by holding line dori diagonally in the room. Now prepare the uniform layer of lime mortar throughout the flat and keep it to set for atleast 12 hours. Precaution should be taken to fix the tiles on this machan within 3 days, otherwise machan becomes very hard. Thickness of mortar bedding (machan) shall not be less than 12 mm and it should not be more than 40 mm. for ideal tile fixing.

Material shifting to work place: Always stack required nos. of tiles and skirtings of same lot in the flat near kitchen otta. So there will not be any confusion while executing flooring work.

Setting of right angle: This is the most important part of preparation in flooring work. First fix the right angle taking in consideration the longest span of the room so there will be minimum wastage of tile and therefore minimum cutting work. Then fix string line (dori) from the right angle corner with one corner reference tile.

Mosaic tile flooring work procedure: Following is the work procedure of mosaic flooring work. Prepare cement slurry by using ratio approximately 1.5 bag : 100 ltrs. of water and start fixing tiles from the reference line and reference tiles diagonally. Cement slurry of honey like consistency shall be spread on the mortar bed over as much area as could be covered with the tiles within half an hour. Match all the four corners of the tiles properly with the help of wooden mallet. Fix the mosaic tiles in particular sequence for better result and fine job. Except balconies, baths and toilets, complete the flooring of one unit in one day for better bonding, uniform work and quality work. After completing the tiling work of the floor, check the overall lever, any uneveness found may be rectified with wooden mallet. The gaps between walls and the floor are fixed with cut pieces (tukada) of the mosaic tile. These cut pieces are to be made strictly by tile cutting machine (cutter) to avoid wastage of the tiles. Clean the floor and do not allow anybody to enter the flat for atleast 24 hours. On the next day do the gap filling/joint filling between the tile with cement slurry. Then cure this flooring and skirting for minimum 14 days.

The preparation procedure of cladding/dado work is as mentioned below :

Glazed tile dado: The vertical surface where cladding work is to be done should be rough. All the concealed plumbing and electric conducting should be carried out before execution of cladding work. Check the right angles of all corners of bath/W.C. toilet and kitchen otta area and also check plaster done is in plumb or not. If not then get it adjusted up to your satisfaction by the chiselling or plastering the area. Now it is time to set line of base tile. For this start setting the reference wooden battern (patti) from nahani trap by keeping on full tile margin from bottom. Always check the level of the patti before allowing contractor for tiling work with the help of spirit level.

Procedure for dado work: First check the corners with right angle and plaster with plumb. Then you can finalize the minimum thickness of ‘thiyya’. With this thickness, take first thiyya by fixing tile on the top of the wall and with the help of this tile and plumb take bottom thiyya. Take some sample of thiyya on the other corner also. After checking and completion of above thiyya’s you can tell the contractor to proceed with the tiling work. Make sure that the tiles are well soaked in water for minimum 2 hours. The back of the tiles shall be covered with neat cement paste and then press to the roughened wall surface and tap gently against the wall with mallet. Always take full tile line (vertical) in one side to avoid wastage and in W.C always on opening side of the door for dado and floor. After completing fixing of tiles ask the mason to fill the gap on the top side of tile with cement paste properly. Press the cement paste with finger so that it will go inside properly. Always try to match lines of tile to tile vertically and horizontally and see if any corner is coming out of the line dori. If it is so, get it in place with the help of wooden mallet. Overlapping is very important otherwise water may enter through the gap and cause leakage. The joints between two tiles should be kept minimum. Clean these joints, remove all excess cement from joints and re-fill these joints with white cement neatly. Curing should be done for 14 days, six times a day.

Marble/Granite tile dado: In some of the high rise and commercial buildings, use of marble and granite tile is made extensively. Such tile dados are some times fixed at exterior faces of the buildings and such dados are directly exposed to severe weather conditions. While fixing such dados following procedure should be adopted: In such type of dados after certain height a space should be provided for expansion and contraction of the tiles. A special type of non-corrosive clamping system (e.g. brass clamps) should be provided in dado and the parent wall for rigid fixity in case of high rise dados. Other procedures of the fixing of such dado is same as that of normal glazed tile dados.

Procedure for kitchen otta work: The procedure for kitchen otta work is explained below. Be sure and check the kitchen otta position as per drawings and also confirm for any extra amenities of ‘L’ shape and position for the same. Kitchen otta work should start after mosaic tile fixing is completed. Polishing of mosaic tiles below kitchen otta should be done before starting kitchen otta work because afterwards polishing by machine is not possible and quality of hand polishing will not match the room polish. Mark position of sink and ‘L’ shape, on wall by chalk. Tiling mason will take all levels of sink bottom, top, shelf and verticals. Check the same according to drawing and height required. Fix all vertrical pieces with shelf and sink bottom piece. Be sure of proper fixing of clip. Fill all joints by neat cement and clean the surface. Next day allow the plumber to fix nahani trap in the sink with slope and sea that nahani trap will be in centre after completing finishing of sink. Nahani trap outlets of all the floor should be vertically in plumb line from outside. Seal the hole in wall around nahani trap with rich cement mortar and concrete. Curing should be done for atleast 3 days. Then start other work of kitchen otta like fixing top, front facial patti, sink side, sink bottom finished with cutting in four pieces and sloping towards nahani trap, etc. Slope to top kitchen otta to be given towards sink. Dado of kitchen otta to be done in glazed tile or as per requirement. P.V.C. flexible pipe and finishing around should be done properly. All joints in sink, bottom to be sealed by epoxy (such as M.Seal), to avoid leakages. All edges of cuddappa should be rounded by polishing with emery stone. Clean the kitchen otta properly. Painting of all Cuddappa to be done by black oil paint except top of kitchen otta and sink portion. For granite or marble kitchen otta, fix plastic paper or apply layer of plaster of paris on complete kitchen otta till possession so that no damages will be observed.

2006-10-10 23:19:16 · answer #3 · answered by PK LAMBA 6 · 0 0

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