India (HindÄ«: à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ BhÄrat), officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the largest democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres[1] and borders Pakistan to the northwest; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. India is adjacent to the Indian Ocean island nations of Sri Lanka, Thailand and Indonesia.
India has been home to advanced civilization since 3300 B.C., when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade.[2] Over the milleniums, the subcontinent became a centre of important trade routes, cultural development and vast empires. Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism all have their origins in India, while Islam and Christianity enjoy a strong cultural heritage. Despite countless invasions over the past 5000 years, Indian culture and society has been so resilient, that it has either thrown away or completely absorbed any foreign influences, with the social fabric largely remaining unchanged and intact. India emerged as a modern nation-state in 1947, when the subcontinental populace expelled all British rulers in an intense movement of social reforms and forged it into a single nation, thus restoring the glory of the past Indian empires. Modern India's population, wildlife, geographical terrain and climate system are among the most diverse in the world, and India is now considered an emerging superpower.
Economy
Main article: Economy of India
The economy of India is the fourth largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), with a GDP of US $3.63 trillion. When measured in USD exchange-rate terms, it is the twelfth largest in the world, with a GDP of $785.47 billion or Rs 35,34,615 crore in 2005, as calculated by the World Bank.[6] India is the second fastest growing major economy in the world, with a GDP growth rate of 9.3%, and annual Industrial production change of 12.4%, as of the first quarter of 2006. Wealth distribution in India, a developing country, is fairly uneven, with the top 10% of income groups earning 33% of all income.[7] India's per capita income (PPP) of US$ 3,400 [8] is ranked 122nd in the world. It is calculated by the IMF that by 2007, the Indian economy will be ranked 3rd measured by PPP, See : List of countries by GDP estimates for 2007 (PPP)
For most of its democratic history, India adhered to a quasi-socialist approach, with strict government control over private sector participation, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment. Starting from 1991, India has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms by reducing government controls on foreign trade and investment. Privatisation of public-owned industries and some sectors to private and foreign players has continued amid political debate.
India has a labour force of 496.4 million of which 60% is employed in agriculture or agriculture-related industries which contributes to only about 22% of the GDP, 17% in mainstream industry and 23% in service industries. India's agricultural produce includes rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes. Major industries include textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum and machinery.[8]
India's large English speaking middle-class has contributed to the country's growth in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). It is becoming a major base for US tech companies for future targeted research & development, including the likes of Google, IBM, and Microsoft. All this has helped the services sector to increase its share of the economy to approximately 50%.
India is also a major exporter of financial, research and technology services. India's most important trading partners are the United States, China, UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, Switzerland and Belgium.[8]
2006-10-07 03:03:12
·
answer #4
·
answered by shiva 3
·
1⤊
0⤋