I am doing a cell project on stomach cells. where can i find a site where it wil show me the structure of it.?

Answer 1

@: http://millette.med.sc.edu/Lab%203%20pages/cell_structure%20II_Lab3.htm

Glass slide 116 (pyloric stomach) - We have already viewed this slide when we were considering general staining and the PAS stain for carbohydrates. Today, look at the rest of this slide in more detail. Even though we have not yet talked about the different basic tissues and we have not yet studied the stomach, you should be able to make some educated guesses about what is visible here. As you study the slide, remember to think with your brain as well as your eyes. Compare one region of the slide with another with regard to staining, cell density, "waviness" or any other criterion that occurs to you as you observe the sample. How do your opinions or your confidence in your judgments vary as you change objective lens magnification? (NOTE: You will NOT need to use the 100X oil immersion lens here.) Try the following exercise to locate the basic tissue types on this slide.

For example, an EPITHELIUM covers the inner lining of the pyloric stomach. One of its functions is to provide a mucous coat to help protect the stomach from self-digestion. Can you find the epithelium and decide how deeply it penetrates into the rest of the tissue? Does all of the epithelial region look the same?

The epithelium rests immediately atop a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE which here is very rich in small cells and is termed the lamina propria. Because of the extreme folding of the epithelium in the stomach this loose connective tissue layer looks to be interspersed with the epithelium. Can you place your pointer in the middle of an area of the lamina propria?

On some slides you may find an area of LYMPHOID TISSUE in the midst of the lamina propria. Here, a dense collection of small dark cells, called lymphocytes [actually you are viewing only the nuclei of these cells] crowds out the surrounding epithelium and connective tissue. See if you can locate a region of lymphoid tissue on your slide. Given the fact that lymphoid tissue is responsible for protecting the body, why do you suppose lymphocytes might take up residence near the epithelium of the stomach?

The connective tissue lamina propria rests atop a band of smooth MUSCLE TISSUE. Can you place your pointer on this? How does it look different from the epithelium, connective tissue and lymphoid tissue you have already examined?

Continuing deeper into the wall of the pyloric stomach, the muscle in turn rests on another layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, but here the connective tissue exhibits many more fibers than seen in the lamina propria region. This demonstrates that there exist different sub-classes of the basic tissue types and that not all connective tissue or not all muscle looks the same. Find this area of connective tissue and see if you can detect any BLOOD VESSELS. Most slides will show a lot of holes or empty space in this region of connective tissue. What could these spaces be? Need they all be identical? Need they all be "real"; that is truly representative of the living biological specimen?

Still deeper into the stomach wall, you should be able to find a thick band of tissue. Can you identify which of these basic tissues it is? (epithelium, connective tissue, lymphoid tissue, muscle) How did you make your guess? What visible criteria did you use? Can you defend your choice to your lab partner? Can you distinguish the basophilic nuclei from the acidophilic cytoplasm? Can you see the approximate boundaries of individual cells? What objective lenses did you use to examine the tissue and why did you employ them as you did?

Assuming you have not already decided that microanatomy is truly impossible, let us now try a real challenge. The band of tissue you just examined sits atop a final area of material which also contains some blood vessels and some small bundles of NERVE TISSUE, the final basic tissue type. Without any additional hints, can you locate a nerve bundle with your pointer? What made you decide to choose THAT particular structure? What objective lens did you finally use to confirm your decision. Which, if any, of the other tissue types does nerve tissue seem to resemble most in this sample?

This type of exercise can be completed with very many of the slides in your collection. Learning to make educated decisions, or diagnoses, based upon learned facts and upon careful thought is crucial not only to the study of histology, but to all aspects of the medical profession. Try to look at other slides, chosen at random, from your collection whenever you have the time. See what conclusions you can reach without already knowing much about the tissue in question, and without any accompanying description prepared by an "expert". Honing your analytical skills as a microscopist early in the semester will aid you greatly as this course progresses and will prepare you well for later experiences such as pathology.

MITOSIS

If you have forgotten about the different stages of mitosis, please refer to pages 50-51 in your textbook.

Images A9 through A15 (2" x 2") will prepare you for the examination of glass slide 1 of the onion root tip. The root tip is a region of fast growing tissue where many cells are dividing at any given moment. Furthermore, these plant cells have very nicely defined cell borders (cell walls) and unlike many animal cells are easy to distinguish. As the course progresses you will see many MITOTIC FIGURES in various cells and tissues of the human body, but for introduction this plant slide is excellent.

A9 is a low magnification view of the root tip and demonstrates that most of the cells are arranged into long rows. Since the root TIP is the area of fastest growth look here for cells caught in the different stages of mitosis; INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE.

A10 shows a higher magnification of the root tip with some of the mitotic figures marked. A cell in late ANAPHASE is seen at (a), while (b) indicates a PROPHASE nucleus and (c) an INTERPHASE nucleus that has not yet begun to divide.

A11 has a METAPHASE figure at (a) and an INTERPHASE cell at (b). Can you find other mitotic figures on this slide? Identify them.

A12 shows a late ANAPHASE at (a) and an early PROPHASE at (b).

A13 has a late ANAPHASE at the arrow. Why is this not a TELOPHASE figure?

A14 shows a PROPHASE nucleus at (a). What structure do you think is shown at (b)? Can you find another prophase figure? How does it compare with that seen at (a)?

A15 shows an ANAPHASE cell at the arrow. What stage of mitosis is the cell next to it exhibiting? In what stage are most of the cells seen here?

None of these views showed a cell in TELOPHASE because this stage is difficult to find.

Examine your glass slide 1 and find examples of the major stages of mitosis. Telophase may not be visible on your slide, but at least know what to look for here.

Now, let us try to find mitotic figures in some actual human tissue. Areas of cell division at the bases of epithelia are one good place to look so use images A16 and A17 to introduce you to glass slide 120 of the jujenum, part of the small intestine.

A16 illustrates glass slide 120 at low magnification for orientation. You should study the area indicated by the "C", but near the place where it borders the lighter region labeled "B".

The region to examine is shown at high magnification on image A17. Here, at the base of epithelial villi and glands, some cells show mitotic figures (M). These will be relatively few compared to the onion root tip. Scan your glass slide 120 in this region to find some examples at 10X-40X. NOTE THAT ON THIS SLIDE YOU DO NOT NEED TO IDENTIFY THE PARTICULAR STAGE OF MITOSIS - JUST BE ABLE TO FIND INDIVIDUAL CELLS UNDERGOING DIVISION. Glass slide 122 of the ileum may also be studied for mitotic figures in the same general region of the tissue. For many of you, slide 122 may be easier to view than slide 120.

CELLULAR INCLUSIONS

Now we will continue our examination of the various components of mammalian cells using both electron micrographs and light microscopy. Before leaving the lab today, be sure to examine the ultrastructural figures placed for general use. As earlier, these micrographs will be left in the laboratory room in a binder so that that may also be studied at a later date. DO NOT REMOVE THIS BINDER FROM THE LABORATORY.

For light microscopy, use image A21 to look at inclusions in the liver, glass slide 3. A21 is a high magnification view at 100X oil immersion of this sample showing a NUCLEUS (N), the NUCLEOLUS (NC), a LIPID DROPLET (L) and MITOCHONDRIA (M). The mitochondria are small basophilic dots in the cytoplasm.

Using 100X oil immersion, find these same structures on your glass slide 3. REMEMBER THE RULES FOR USE OF OIL IMMERSION. REVIEW THEM IF NECESSARY.

Images A22 and A23 illustrate NISSL BODIES in the cytoplasm of motor nerve cells, or neurons. NISSL bodies are simply collections of RER in these particular cells; the function of this RER is like that in other cells. A22 is a low magnification view of the spinal cord in section showing the relative placement of the ventral or anterior horn of tissue (A) in which the motor neuron cell bodies are found. Image A23 shows one such cell body labeled as follows: (A) NUCLEUS, (B) NUCLEOLUS, and (C) NISSL Bodies, or RER.

Answer 2

I'm am absolutely for stem cell research. Parkinson's is a very serious and debilitating disorder, and it was really hard to watch Michael J. Fox suffering like that. He's a relatively young man, and I hate to think that he'll have to live the rest of his life in that condition. I will always think of him as he was when I was growing up watching him on tv. Stem cell research is a very personal issue for me. I was diagnosed with type I Diabetes when I was 10. I turned 31 this year. Although there have been great advances in the medication and treatment of my disease, I feel like the only real cure will come through stem cell research. I get upset every time that President Bush vetoes a Bill that will allow for increased stem cell research in our country. I think he doesn't take into account the people that could potentially benefit and that's wrong.

Answer 3

google the anatomy of the stomach

Answer 4

Cell (biology)
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Introduction; Cell Structure; Cell Functions; Origin of Cells ; The Discovery and Study of Cells
I Introduction

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Cell (biology), basic unit of life. Cells are the smallest structures capable of basic life processes, such as taking in nutrients, expelling waste, and reproducing. All living things are composed of cells. Some microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, are unicellular, meaning they consist of a single cell. Plants, animals, and fungi are multicellular; that is, they are composed of a great many cells working in concert. But whether it makes up an entire bacterium or is just one of trillions in a human being, the cell is a marvel of design and efficiency. Cells carry out thousands of biochemical reactions each minute and reproduce new cells that perpetuate life.

Cells vary considerably in size. The smallest cell, a type of bacterium known as a mycoplasma, measures 0.0001 mm (0.000004 in) in diameter; 10,000 mycoplasmas in a row are only as wide as the diameter of a human hair. Among the largest cells are the nerve cells that run down a giraffe’s neck; these cells can exceed 3 m (9.7 ft) in length. Human cells also display a variety of sizes, from small red blood cells that measure 0.00076 mm (0.00003 in) to liver cells that may be ten times larger. About 10,000 average-sized human cells can fit on the head of a pin.

Along with their differences in size, cells present an array of shapes. Some, such as the bacterium Escherichia coli, resemble rods. The paramecium, a type of protozoan, is slipper shaped; and the amoeba, another protozoan, has an irregular form that changes shape as it moves around. Plant cells typically resemble boxes or cubes. In humans, the outermost layers of skin cells are flat, while muscle cells are long and thin. Some nerve cells, with their elongated, tentacle-like extensions, suggest an octopus.

In multicellular organisms, shape is typically tailored to the cell’s job. For example, flat skin cells pack tightly into a layer that protects the underlying tissues from invasion by bacteria. Long, thin muscle cells contract readily to move bones. The numerous extensions from a nerve cell enable it to connect to several other nerve cells in order to send and receive messages rapidly and efficiently.


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By itself, each cell is a model of independence and self-containment. Like some miniature, walled city in perpetual rush hour, the cell constantly bustles with traffic, shuttling essential molecules from place to place to carry out the business of living. Despite their individuality, however, cells also display a remarkable ability to join, communicate, and coordinate with other cells. The human body, for example, consists of an estimated 20 to 30 trillion cells. Dozens of different kinds of cells are organized into specialized groups called tissues. Tendons and bones, for example, are composed of connective tissue, whereas skin and mucous membranes are built from epithelial tissue. Different tissue types are assembled into organs, which are structures specialized to perform particular functions. Examples of organs include the heart, stomach, and brain. Organs, in turn, are organized into systems such as the circulatory, digestive, or nervous systems. All together, these assembled organ systems form the human body.

The components of cells are molecules, nonliving structures formed by the union of atoms. Small molecules serve as building blocks for larger molecules. Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which include fats and oils, are the four major molecules that underlie cell structure and also participate in cell functions. For example, a tightly organized arrangement of lipids, proteins, and protein-sugar compounds forms the plasma membrane, or outer boundary, of certain cells. The organelles, membrane-bound compartments in cells, are built largely from proteins. Biochemical reactions in cells are guided by enzymes, specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions. The nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the hereditary information for cells, and another nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid(RNA), works with DNA to build the thousands of proteins the cell needs.

II Cell Structure

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Cells fall into one of two categories: prokaryotic or eukaryotic (see Prokaryote). In a prokaryotic cell, found only in bacteria and archaebacteria, all the components, including the DNA, mingle freely in the cell’s interior, a single compartment. Eukaryotic cells, which make up plants, animals, fungi, and all other life forms, contain numerous compartments, or organelles, within each cell. The DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in a special organelle called the nucleus, which serves as the cell’s command center and information library. The term prokaryote comes from Greek words that mean “before nucleus” or “prenucleus,” while eukaryote means “true nucleus.”