History of the discovering the "serotonin"?

Question

When was the brain chemical called "serotonin" discovered? By who?

And when was the first anti-depressant using the serotonin invented?

Answer 1

G'day davegesprek,

Thank you for your e-mail.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

In the CNS, serotonin is believed to play an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep, emesis (vomiting), sexuality and appetite. Serotonin has been thought to play a part in many disorders, notably as part of the biochemistry of depression, migraine, bipolar disorder and anxiety. Recent research suggests that serotonin also plays an important role in liver regeneration and acts as a mitogen (induces cell division) throughout the body.

Isolated and named in 1948 by Maurice M. Rapport, the name "serotonin" is something of a misnomer and reflects the circumstances of the compound's discovery. It was initially identified as a vasoconstrictor substance in blood serum — hence serotonin, a serum agent affecting vascular tone. This agent was later chemically identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by Rapport, and, as the broad range of physiological roles were elucidated, 5-HT became the preferred name in the pharmacological field.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. Studies have also found that SSRIs, as a side effect of their action, may cause in many people either a delay of sexual climax or anorgasmia, so they can be used to develop drugs specifically targeted to treat premature ejaculation.

SSRI drugs are designed to allow the available neurotransmitter serotonin to be utilized more efficiently. A low level of utilization of serotonin is currently seen as one among several neurochemical symptoms of depression. Low levels of serotonin in turn can be caused by an anxiety disorder, because serotonin is needed to metabolize stress hormones.

These medications evolve their effects at the serotonin transporter. They increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. They have no or only weak effects on other monoamine transporters, thus having little direct influence on the level of other neurotransmitters. That distinguishes them from the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), thus they are named selective. SSRIs are considered to be considerably safer than TCAs, since the toxic dose is much higher and they are said to have fewer and weaker side effects and drug interactions.

Prozac (Fluoxetine) was approved in 1987 and Zoloft (Zertralin) was approved in 1991.

I have attached sources for your reference.

Regards

Answer 2

Did Columbus surely come across u.s. for the West? Or did he basically discover Newfoundland? word the qualification of "for the West" i became into taught that the genuine discoverer of the genuine Americas, in quite recent situations, became into John Cabot who sailed from Bristol, financed by potential of a guy referred to as Amorique. The Vikings have been surely there earlier Columbus and Cabot - it has even been reported that countless the "lost tribes" of Israel made their way, by some potential, around the Atlantic and it rather is often recognized that your united states of america became into inhabited earlier the Vikings confirmed up - as you assert, in all likelihood by potential of a land bridge earlier the Continents drifted aside. it would be great if some specific DNA links have been stumbled on with Asia - my own became into in what's now the middle East some 20,000 years in the past.