In medicine, ischemia (Greek ισχαιμία, isch- is restriction, hema or haema is blood) is a restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the blood vessels, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue. It may also be spelled ischaemia or ischæmia.
Mechanism
Rather than in hypoxia, a more general term denoting a shortage of oxygen (usually a result of lack of oxygen in the air being breathed), ischemia is an absolute or relative shortage of the blood supply to an organ. Relative shortage means the mismatch of blood supply (oxygen delivery) and blood request for adequate oxygenation of tissue.
Ischemia can also be described as an inadequate flow of blood to a part of the body, caused by constriction or blockage of the blood vessels supplying it. Ischemia of heart muscle produces angina pectoris.
This can be due to:
* Tachycardia (abnormally rapid beating of the heart)
* Atherosclerosis (lipid-laden placques obstructing the lumen of arteries)
* Hypotension (low blood pressure, e.g. in septic shock, heart failure)
* Thromboembolism (blood clots)
* Outside compression of a blood vessel, e.g. by a tumor
* Foreign bodies in the circulation (e.g. amniotic fluid in amniotic fluid embolism)
* Sickle cell disease (abnormally shaped hemoglobin)
[edit]
Consequences
Since oxygen is mainly bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, insufficient blood supply causes tissue to become hypoxic, or, if no oxygen is supplied at all, anoxic. This can cause necrosis and cell death.
Ischemia is a feature of heart diseases, transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents, ruptured arteriovenous malformations, and peripheral artery occlusive disease.
Tissues especially sensitive to inadequate blood supply are the heart, the kidneys, and the brain. Ischemia in brain tissue, for example due to stroke or head injury, causes a process called the ischemic cascade to be unleashed, in which proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and other harmful chemicals damage and may ultimately kill brain tissue.
Necrosis due to ischemia usually takes about 10-12 hours.
Restoration of blood flow after a period of ischemia can actually be more damaging than the ischemia. Reintroduction of oxygen causes a greater production of damaging free radicals, resulting in reperfusion injury. With reperfusion injury, necrosis can be greatly accelerated.
2006-10-02 18:13:43
·
answer #1
·
answered by danielpsw 5
·
2⤊
0⤋
Big Pharma Companies Hate This...
Hello, my name is Ken Drew...
In this short and controversial health exposé, I’m going reveal the one amazing little secret, long suppressed by Big Pharma, that will bulletproof your body against the scary illnesses like Cancer, Heart disease, Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Arthritis and more....and its something that you can do right now in your home.
Without ever popping a single pill, getting any dreaded needle, prescriptions of any kind. Even sidestepping alternative therapies that never seem to work. Ineffective supplements that waste time and frustrate you to no end. Not to mention tear a hole in your wallet...
...Or even put you in an early grave.
Think of how you felt today - http://reversediseasetoday.info/young-again-911.html
2014-09-18 04:12:24
·
answer #2
·
answered by Anonymous
·
0⤊
0⤋
Microvascular Ischemia
2016-09-29 12:19:03
·
answer #3
·
answered by ? 4
·
0⤊
0⤋
Forget anything you have ever been told about Diabetes. And get this - it has nothing to do with insulin, exercise, diet or anything else you've heard in the past. It's all based on latest breakthrough research that Big Pharma is going Stir Crazy to hide from you. Visit here : https://tinyurl.im/aH1Qs to find out what all the fuss is about.
2016-04-22 17:50:52
·
answer #4
·
answered by Anonymous
·
0⤊
0⤋
For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/av0mm
You could try adding more fish to your diet. I prefer to take Omega 3 from pure fish oil in capsule form since I do not prefer the taste of fish. BEST WISHES!
2016-04-10 14:37:20
·
answer #5
·
answered by Anonymous
·
0⤊
0⤋