The French surgeon and anthropologist who developed a method for measuring and comparing skulls, his findings?

Answer 1

This is probably Paul Pierre Broca, 1824-1880, a true scientist in a field infested with cranks and ideologues. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca
A short bibliography is at http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per335

Another possibility is Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, 1716-1800, who published "Mémoire sur les differences de la situation du grand trou occipital dans l’homme et dans les animaux" in 1764,.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jean-Marie_Daubenton

See also
Craniometry
... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniometry
Phrenology
...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology

Answer 2

If I recall correctly, you are referring to some goofball scientist who claimed that intelligence was directly correlated to brain size and since the model skulls he compared (African American being smaller than White Caucasian) therefor it stood to reason that Whites were smarter than Blacks.
It did not take long for the scientific community to shoot holes in his specious and racially bigoted conclusions.