What machine speeds up atomic particles?(One more question.Please read)?

Question

What British scientist discovered atoms have a nucleous?

Answer 1

Particle accelerators (examples are a cyclotron and a synchrotron) and Lord Rutherford

The world's biggest particle accelerator complex is at CERN in Geneva, The acronym originally stood, in French, for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (European Council for Nuclear Research), which was a provisional council for setting up the laboratory, established by 11 European governments in 1952.

The acronym was retained for the new laboratory after the provisional council was dissolved, even though the name changed to the current Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1954.

CERN is the world's largest particle physics laboratory and its main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high energy physics research. Numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN by international collaborations to make use of them.

Some 6500 scientists and engineers (representing 500 universities and 80 nationalities), about half of the world's particle physics community, work on experiments conducted at CERN.

CERN operates a network of six accelerators and a decelerator. Each machine in the chain increases the energy of particle beams before delivering them to experiments or to the next more powerful accelerator. Currently active machines are:

Two linear accelerators generating low energy particles for injection into the Proton Synchrotron. One is for protons and the other for heavy ions. These are known as Linac2 and Linac3 respectively.

The PS Booster, which increases the energy of particles generated by the linear accelerators before they are transferred to the other accelerators.

The 28 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS) built 1959 and still operating as a feeder to the more powerful SPS.

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), a circular accelerator with a diameter of 2 kilometres built in a tunnel, which started operation in 1976. It was designed to deliver an energy of 300 GeV and was gradually upgraded to 450 GeV. As well as having its own beamlines for fixed-target experiments, it has been operated as a proton-antiproton collider, and for accelerating high energy electrons and positrons which were injected into the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP).

From 2007 onwards, it will inject protons and heavy ions into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

The On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE), which is used to study unstable nuclei. Particles are initially accelerated in the PS Booster before entering ISOLDE. It was first commissioned in 1967 and was rebuilt with major upgrades in 1974 and 1992.

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), which reduces the velocity of antiprotons to about 10% the speed of light for research into antimatter.

Most of the activities at CERN are currently directed towards building a new collider, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the experiments for it, due to start operation in 2007. This will use the 27 km circumference circular tunnel previously occupied by LEP which was closed down in November 2000, and the PS/SPS complex to pre-accelerate protons which will be injected into it.

The tunnel is located 100 metres underground, in the region between the Geneva airport and the nearby Jura mountains.

LORD RUTHERFORD

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (1871-1937), was known as the "father" of nuclear physics, he pioneered the orbital theory of the atom, in his discovery of Rutherford scattering off the nucleus with the gold foil experiment.

A New Zealander by birth, Rutherford travelled to England for postgraduate study at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (1895-1898), and was resident at Trinity College. There he briefly held the world record for the distance over which electromagnetic waves could be detected. During the investigation of radioactivity he coined the terms alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

In 1898 Rutherford was appointed to the chair of physics at McGill University, in Canada, where he did the work which gained him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He had demonstrated that radioactivity was the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. He noticed that in a sample of radioactive material it invariably took the same amount of time for half the sample to decay — its "half-life" — and created a practical application for this phenomenon using this constant rate of decay as a clock, which could then be used to help determine the actual age of the Earth that turned out to be much older than most scientists at the time believed.

In 1907 he took the chair of physics at the University of Manchester. There he discovered the nuclear nature of atoms and was the world's first successful "alchemist": he converted nitrogen into oxygen. While working with the Danish scientist Niels Bohr (who figured out that electrons moved in specific orbits) Rutherford theorized about the existence of neutrons, which could somehow compensate for the repelling effect of the positive charges of protons by causing an attractive nuclear force and thus keeping the nuclei from breaking apart.

He was knighted in 1914. In 1917 he returned to the Cavendish as Director. Under him, Nobel Prizes were awarded to Chadwick for discovering the neutron (in 1932), Cockcroft and Walton for splitting the atom using a particle accelerator and Appleton for demonstrating the existence of the ionosphere.

He was admitted to the Order of Merit in 1925 and in 1931 was created Baron Rutherford of Nelson,

The transuranic element Rutherfordium (element 104) was named after him. This is a highly radioactive synthetic element whose most stable isotope is 265Rf with a half-life of approximately 13 hours.

Answer 2

i odnt know the anser to the 2nd but te first would be a particle accelarator. I dont know if u have seen the commercial for gilette fusion but it has a huge circular tube with a blue and an orange glow that start on one side and then race around on opposite sides and fuse together. A particle accelarator is also featured in Angels and Demons, the prequel to The Da Vinci Code, both by Dan Brown. Hope this helps!

Answer 3

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Answer 4

A particle accelerator speeds up atomic particles.

I think Rutherford discovered the nuclei of atoms.

Answer 5

A fusion generator ---Jefferson Lab in Virginia has one.

I don't remember who discovered the nucleus. It's been too many years of not needing to know.

Answer 6

A particle accelerator.

Answer 7

all bout dat project d0 in chicago yes D ZERO