Could anybody tell me what "secondary reinforcement" means?

Question

It is connected to behaviorism. There are many kinds of reinforcements but "secondary reinforcement"? Don't understand..

Answer 1

Tatjaana,

To explain secondary reinforcement a little better:

There are many things that you experience as a "direct desire" -- for example, you can get hungry, or thirsty, or want sex, or feel cold and want clothes. These are all basic human drives.

And without influence from any outside factors, these drives are enough to motivate your behavior -- without any other reward, you will go eat something or drink something or have sex with your partner or put on some warm pants and long-sleeved shirt. They are called "primary reinforcers."

Secondary reinforcers are things naturally unrelated to the primary reinforcers, that you can learn to associate with them and thus motivate behavior.

The most famous example is the bell used to trigger salivation in Pavlov's dogs. The dogs were hungry -- hunger was their primary reinforcer.

Because Pavlov struck the bell every time the dogs were fed, the bell became associated with the eating process. Eventually, the dogs no longer had to be hungry in order to salivate -- striking the bell, which they had learned was associated with eating, was enough to trigger salivation. The bell is a secondary reinforcer.

A human example? Well, we all have an innate drive to sleep when we are tired.

A tired child will eventually go to sleep on their own, but sometimes has trouble winding down. Establishing a consistent nightly ritual (such as brushing teeth, reading a story in bed, bedtime prayer, hugging and kissing goodnight) eventually associates sleeping with the ritual and makes it easier for the child to go to bed. So even if the kid doesn't "feel tired," if you start the ritual, the child will instinctively prepare for sleep and "wind down."

The nightly ritual is a secondary reinforcer.

Answer 2

Secondary Reinforcer

Answer 3

-Primary Reinforcement — Involves the use of reinforces that are innately satisfying, that is they do not take any learning on the organism’s part to make them pleasurable.

-Secondary Reinforcement — Acquires its positive value through experience; secondary reinforces are learned or conditioned reinforces.


Good info is at;
http://www.arkanimals.com/ark/abcs_secondary_reinforcers.html

regards

Ramesh
The Human Search Engine
http://www.alluwanted.com
uwanted.blogspot.com

Answer 4

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