Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, (19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851), also known as La Princesse Royale or Madame Royale, was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and his Austrian wife, Queen Marie Antoinette. She was born at the Palace of Versailles. She died in Vienna in the winter of 1851. She is considered by some to have been Queen of France for a very short time.
In October 1793, Marie-Antoinette was taken to the Conciergerie prison. She was placed on trial and executed on 16 October. In May 1794, Marie-Thérèse's Aunt Elisabeth was taken from her in the middle of the night. The next day, Elisabeth was also executed.
When she was in the tower of the temple, she was never told what happened to her family. All she knew was that her father was dead and she felt alone in the world. The following words are scratched on the wall of her room in the tower: "Marie-Thérèse is the most unhappy creature in the world. She can obtain no news of her mother; nor be reunited to her, though she has asked it a thousand times." "Live, my good mother! whom I love well, but of whom I can hear no tidings." "O my father! watch over me from heaven above, life was so cruel to her." "O my God! forgive those who have made my family die."
There are rumours that Maximilien Robespierre visited Marie-Thérèse once in prison, but they are not likely true. It was only once the Reign of Terror subsided that Marie-Thérèse was allowed to leave France. She was taken to Vienna, where her cousin ruled as Emperor Francis II.
Marie-Thérèse later left Vienna and moved to Lithuania, where her father's eldest surviving brother lived as a guest of Tsar Paul I of Russia. This uncle, who had proclaimed himself King of France as Louis XVIII, was childless; he wished his niece to marry Louis-Antoine, his nephew and her cousin, who was eventual dynastic heir to the throne of France. Marie-Thérèse agreed unquestioningly, happy only to be part of a family again.
Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Marie-Thérèse's paternal uncle Charles, was a shy, stammering, diffident young man who was also probably impotent. He was certainly nothing like his handsome and sexually virile father, who viewed him as a crass embarrassment and tried to talk Louis XVIII out of marrying Marie-Therese to him. The wedding however went ahead in 1799. Marie-Thérèse was fond of her husband - but it was never a proper love match.
The Royal Family later moved to England, where they settled in Buckinghamshire. Marie-Thérèse's uncle and father-in-law, Charles, spent most of his time in Edinburgh, where he had been given apartments at Holyrood House. The long years of exile ended upon the abdication of Napoleon I in 1814, when the royal family was restored to the French monarchy.
Louis XVIII died on 16 September 1824 and was succeeded by his younger brother as Charles X. Marie-Thérèse's husband, Louis-Antoine, was now heir to the throne and she was addressed as Madame la Dauphine. However, anti-monarchist feeling was on the rise again. Charles's ultra-monarchist sympathies alienated many members of the working and middle-class. There was an uprising in 1830 in which the Royal Family were betrayed by their cousin, Louis-Philippe who insinuated that Charles had abdicated absolutely (he had actually nominated his grandson Henri, comte de Chambord as king.) The abdication of Charles X was followed twenty minutes later by the abdication of Louis-Antoine. This deception worked and Louis-Philippe became king.
Marie-Thérèse chose to go into exile with her uncle and husband, rather than stay in Louis-Philippe's new kingdom. They sailed to Britain in 1830.
The Royal Family lived in Edinburgh until 1833 when King Charles chose to move to Prague as a guest of the Austrian Emperor. They moved into the opulent luxury of Schloss-Hradschin. Marie-Thérèse devotedly nursed her uncle Charles through his last illness in 1836, when he died of cholera. By that time they had left Prague and moved to the estate of Count Coronini near Gorica, Slovenia. Like her deceased uncle, Marie-Thérèse remained a devout and sincere Roman Catholic.
Marie-Thérèse's husband died in 1844 and he was buried next to his father. Marie-Thérèse then moved to a mansion called Frohsdorf, just outside Vienna. She spent her days walking, reading, praying and sewing. The children of Marie-Thérèse's murdered cousin, Ferdinand, came to live with her – including the Bourbon claimant to the throne, the Comte de Chambord. In 1848 France became a republic, after Louis-Philippe's reign ended in another revolution.
She died on 19 October 1851, three days after the fifty-eighth anniversary of her mother's execution.
Louis-Joseph-Xavier-François (October 22, 1781-June 4, 1789) was the second child and first son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. As the heir apparent to the French throne, he was called the dauphin. A sweet-natured child, unlike Madame Royale, Louis-Joseph died at the age of seven of what was then known as "consumption" (tuberculosis). On his death the title of dauphin passed to his younger brother Louis-Charles (1785–1795), who would survive his father and die in prison at the age of ten.
During the French Revolution, the young Louis-Charles was imprisoned with his parents. As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed King of France on January 28, 1793 by his uncle, Monsieur Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence, in a declaration issued from exile in the city of Hamm, near Dortmund, Westphalia. At the time, the declaration was without authority, as France was a republic; however, when France and the other European powers later accepted Louis-Stanislas-Xavier as King Louis XVIII of France, his numbering tacitly recognized Louis XVII's right to the throne
In 1793, while the royal family was being held at the Temple prison in Paris, Louis-Charles was separated from his mother and sister in order to dissuade any monarchist bids to free him. He remained imprisoned alone, a floor below his sister Marie-Thérèse, until his death in June 1795. His captors referred to him by the family name "Capet", after Hugh Capet, the original founder of the royal dynasty. This use of a surname was a deliberate insult, since royalty do not normally use surnames.
Louis-Charles was set to work as a cobbler's assistant and taught to curse his parents. He was officially reported to have died in the prison from what is today recognized as tuberculosis. Reportedly, his body was ravaged by tumors and scabies. An autopsy was carried out at the prison and, following a tradition of preserving royal hearts, his heart was smuggled out and preserved by the examining physician, Philippe-Jean Pelletan. Louis-Charles' body was buried in a mass grave.
2006-09-25 19:18:12
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answer #1
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answered by brinlarrr 5
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