The remaining stocks of smallpox virus in Russia and the US
CDC were not destroyed.
The main reason the planned destruction of the stocks did not happen is that they would be needed to test whether a drug or vaccine would protect monkeys from a challenge with the real variola virus. Such a test would be needed to assure us and the FDA that the drugs and vaccines worked. We do not yet have a licensed drug, but some promising drugs have been identified.
Smallpox is a serious viral disease that causes a skin rash that looks a little like chicken pox but is much more serious. It can kill because it spreads rapidly in the body and can spread rapidly from person to person. Smallpox epidemics used to break out all over the world. This disease was spread to Central American Indians by the Spanish Conquistadors. Since there had not been many viruses in the North American continent, even measles was lethal to the Native Americans.
Smallpox was active in North America and Canada during the Revolutionary War. In fact, smallpox and the practice of "variolation" had a major impact on the outcome of battles between George Washington's troops and the English.
The World Health Organization had a campaign to eradicate smallpox in the world. They vaccinated all the people in villages where there had been cases and then spread out from there, vaccinating as many people as they could.
The last natural smallpox case was in 1977.
Dr. D.A Henderson, the person who lead this effort, announced that smallpox had been eradicated in 1978.
However, shortly after his announcement there was a case in England in a person working in a research lab downstairs from a lab where a scientist working with viruses had been using the virus. This incident increased interest in finding all the stored virus in laboratories to reduce the risk of similar accidents.
So, naturally occurring smallpox might be considered eradicated in 1979.
A commission was established to assure that all stocks of the virus were destroyed until only two were left in existence. One stock of smallpox virus is held at the Centers for Disease Control and prevention in Atlanta Georgia and the other stock is in Russia (Former Soviet Union).
Meetings were held between Russian Scientists and American Scientists to plan the final destruction of the remaining lots of virus. One of the reasons the stocks of smallpox still remain undestroyed is that there is no treatment (antiviral drug) that can be used to cure smallpox if it should reappear in nature, or if some aggressive nation has stocks and uses it terroristically. The vaccine stocks were made by methods that would not be approved today and it is running out.
The vaccine, prepared from vaccinia virus a benign related orthopox virus that causes a self limited infection and results in cross- reactive immunity protective against smallpox, is the only prophylactic agent that can be used to protect against infection. Since the "eradication of natural smallpox in the world" there have been no vaccinations except among military personnel, archeologists and laboratory workers who work with viruses related to smallpox.
The paradox of all of this is that the "eradication of smallpox in the world by the WHO" and discontinuation of use of the vaccine (the risk of vaccination outweighs the benefit if there is no epidemic disease), has now made us more vulnerable if the virus should reappear from a hidden source like a frozen mummy in the Andes, or a dry mummy in Egypt or if someone with evil intent just happened to have some.
More recently, after Ken Alibek defected to the US, the vast amounts of smallpox virus weaponized by the former soviet union alerted the world to the real risk that smallpox eradication and the end of vaccination of small children has made the world vulnerable to evil use of smallpox as a bioterror weapon.
It appears that the delay of destruction of known stocks of smallpox has allowed development of drugs and vaccines that would not have been developed if we just congratulated ourselves at the eradication and sat down to watch TV completely unaware of what might happen next.
2006-09-21 12:51:40
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answer #2
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answered by Art 3
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Erm...smallpox has virtually been eradicated from the surface of the planet, so I doubt anyone has ever caught smallpox since 1987.
2006-09-21 12:20:52
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answer #3
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answered by Brownwhitebrown 2
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you dont get smallpox anymore unless your living in a 3rd world country with no vaccinations!
2006-09-21 14:18:14
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answer #4
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answered by .·:*�¨Kitty�.·:*¨ 3
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