what 2 metabolic effects happen in the body when there is not enough water?

Answer 1

Water is a basic need for cellular health. Cells both contain and are surrounded by water. In dehydration, cell membranes become less permeable, hampering the flow of hormones and nutrients into the cell and preventing waste products such as oxidants that cause cellular damage from flowing out. As Dr. Batmanghelidj says, dehydrated cells shrivel, resembling prunes instead of plums.
When a body becomes dehydrated, the neurotransmitter histamine is activated. Histamine, in turn, activates prostaglandins, kinins, and vasopressin, in an effort to redistribute available water according to priority. In addition to managing water during dehydration, these compounds cause other diverse effects. Prostaglandin E, for example, manages water regulation during drought and also inhibits the manufacture of insulin, thereby contributing to high blood sugar. The body's response to dehydration, when left unchecked, contributes to many other problems, including DNA damage, reduced efficiency of DNA repair system, immune suppression, and irregular protein production in cells, which encourages cancer cell formation.

Signs of dehydration include thirst, dark-colored urine, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, agoraphobia, depression, food cravings, and allergies. Dr. Batmanghelidj says that emergency thirst signals include morning sickness, dyspeptic pain and heartburn, migraine headaches, angina, rheumatoid joint pain, back pain, colitis pain, fibromyalgic pain, constipation, late-onset diabetes, and hypertension. He also explains how the stress of long-term dehydration can lead to high cholesterol levels, heart failure, chronic fatigue, cancers, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, stroke, and Alzheimer's.