how demographics as a whole serve as cross cutting cleavages and reinforcin cleavages??

Answer 1

reinforcing = 2 cleavages are reinforcing to the degree that they divide society into the same 2 groups of people

cross cutting = divisions of society do not coincide

ie being an minority and being poor may be reinforcing cleavages. being rich and being white are cross cutting, since not all whites are rich, and not all rich are white.

Answer 2

It serves as a template for correct use.