How do you make a venom into anti venom?

Question

or a rabies into a anti rabies? whats the process called?

Answer 1

Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. It is created by injecting a small amount of the targeted venom into an animal such as a horse, sheep, goat, or rabbit; the subject animal will suffer an immune response to the venom, producing antibodies against the venom's active molecule which can then be harvested from the animal's blood and used to treat envenomation in others. Internationally, Snake Venom Antitoxin must carefully meet the standards of Pharmacopoeia and the World Health Organization.

Answer 2

Antivenin is produced using the reconstituted freeze-dried venom from each particular snake species in order to gain an antivenin specific to that species. The process is as follows:

An animal (usually a horse in the case of snake antivenins) is injected on a regular basis with increasing non-fatal doses of venom. The venom has been treated to render it less harmful - the treating agent is often formaldehyde. This part of the process lasts from 10 to 12 months. The gradual increase of the tiny amounts of venom allows the animal's immune system to produce antibodies to the venom. Blood tests determine when this has occurred. Once the animal has become hyper-immune to that form of venom, blood is taken from it - around 6 - 8 litres at a time - nowhere near a life-threatening amount.

The serum is separated from the blood solids - the latter are often transfused back into the animal. The serum is then treated and refined before it is suitable for use in humans. Immunoglobulins in the serum are digested by pepsin to isolate the specific antigen that will neutralise the venom of that species of snake. This product is stored in vials for rehydration for use in treating snake bite.

Polyvalent antivenins are produced by simultaneously exposing the horse to venoms from several different species of snake. They are usually related species whose venom acts in a similar way, and which can all be found in one area. Polyvalent antivenins are often less effective than monovalent (specific to one species) antivenins, but have the advantage that they can be used where the species of the attacking snake is unknown. The two antivenins generally used in the United States are both polyvalent.

Other methods of producing antivenin simply vary the animal used to produce the antibodies. Horses are generally used because their large size makes it easy to administer a non-fatal dose, and to harvest sufficient blood. Sheep are used in one of the main production facilities in the United States, and some work is being done with chickens. The beauty of using chickens to produce antivenins is that the antibodies are found in the eggs of envenomated chickens, and can be separated from the yolks. To create Funnel-web spider antivenin, rabbits are used rather than larger animals. The majority of information available is for snake antivenin. The theory and production is the same for other types of venomous creatures.

Answer 3

no venom is converted to same anti-venom it may become anti-venom of another venom however anti-venoms can be formed as following : small amount of the venom is injected into horses or sheaps at regular doses then after a certain amount of time (where the venom stimulate the immune system of these animals) antibodies are formed which are then purified from the animal blood and used as anti-venom as they act directly on the venom stopping it

Answer 4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivenin

That explains the process of creating anti-venom. Not sure about rabies, but I think you need antibiotics for rabies.

Answer 5

it is a serum
you inject a horse with a minute quantity of venom
and the horses blood produces antibodies
you then use the serum as an anti dote
it is the same way homeopathic medicine works
use a tiny quantity of the bad(illness,disease) and the body produces soldiers to combat it.

Answer 6

developing immunity,inject so little harmless quantity but white blood cells get alarmed and multiply to build a defense

Answer 7

Just add 'anti' at the begining of the word and Lo and behold...

Answer 8

jp i think you are an idiot, and someday you will get your just desserts, christians are closed minded arrogant idiots who will be DESTROYED, as i always say hell is too good for christians:)

this is your final incarnation.

Answer 9

protest