what are the option availabe for science-maths streamer?

Answer 1

Aeronautical/ Aerospace Engineer

Aeronautical / Aerospace Engineering is one of the most challenging fields of engineering with a wide scope for growth. This field deals with the development of new technology in the field of aviation, space exploration and defence systems. It specialises in the designing, construction, development, testing, operation and maintenance of both commercial and military aircraft, spacecrafts and their components as well as satellites and missiles. Aletness and mathematical precision happen to be the two watch words for this academic discipline.

Educational Qualification: Higher Secondary Certificate (Std. XII) Examination with PCM.

Admission:Any prospective candidate should have completed his /her 10 + 2 with science and must have a fairly high percentage of marks in the aggregate. He/she should have also passed the qualifying exam (JEE) Duration of courses in aeronautical engineering is usually 4 years.

Prospect: Aeronautical Engineers work with one of the most technologically advanced branches of engineering. The main thrust in this area is on design and development of aircrafts to space and satellite research. Jobs are available with aircraft-manufacturing units. In the Indian context, the defence service and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) happen to be two major employment providers. Moreover, the aeronautical engineers often get employment in organizations such as Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd, Defense Research and Development Laboratories, National Aeronautical Lab, Aeronautical Development Establishment, Civil Aviation Department and other places.

Institutes: 1. Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai -- 400076 (Maharashtra) 2. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur -- 721302 (West Bengal) 3. Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai -- 600036 (Tamil Nadu) 4. Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai -- 600044 (Tamil Nadu) 5. Hindustan Institute of Engineering Technology, 40 GST Road, P.O.Box No.1306, St. Thomas Mount, Chennai -- 600016 (Tamil Nadu) 6. Nehru College of Aeronautical and Applied Sciences, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) 7. School of Aviation Science and Technology, Delhi Flying Club, Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi 8. Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh -- 160011 9. Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016 10. Indian Institute of Aeronautics, Patna Airport, Patna -- 800014 (Bihar) 11. Institute of Aviation Technology, 1265, Sector 6, Bahadurgarh -- 124507, (Haryana)12. VSM Aerospace, Chelekere Village (Near Kammanahalli), Bangalore -- 560008 (Karnataka) 13. Hindustan Electronics Academy, 61, Cambridge Road, P.B.No.806, Ulsoor, Bangalore - 560008 (Karnataka) 14. Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, 179, Kalidas Road, Dehradun -- 248001 (Uttaranchal)

Biotechnology

Bio-Technology is a research oriented science, a combination of Biology and Technology. It covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Chemistry and Engineering and is also concerned with many other subjects like Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology, Soil science and Soil Conservation, Bio-statistics, Plant Physiology, Seed Technology etc. Bio-Technology is the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria in industrial process. There is a great scope in this field as the demand for biotechnologist are growing in India as well as abroad.

Educational Qualification and Admission:Candidates having a background in science at the 10+2 level are eligible for the B.Tech course in biotechnology.Graduates in all sciences/engineering technology/medicine are eligible for the post-graduate course in biotechnology.

Prospects: This is one of the fastest growing field. Drug, Agriculture, Dairy, Horticulture, Food Processing and Textile Industry offer employment to Biotechnologist.

Institutes:1. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 2.Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 3.Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 4.GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pant Nagar, UP 5. National Centre for Plant Genome Research, JNU, New Delhi 6.National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 7. National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore 8.Kakatiya University, Warangal (AP) 9.Osmania University, Hyderabad (AP) 10.Visva-Bharati, Birbhum (WB)11. Madras University, Chennai (TN)

Biochemistry

Biochemistry is an interdisciplinary program that focuses on the chemistry of living systems. It is a common major for Pre-Med students in that it streamlines the common required course to qualify for medical schoolBiochemistry is an essential part of Life Science or Bioscience. In the 21st century Life science is going to be very big. It will bring in enormous changes in the way we live, get medical care and take medicines. Prospects of newer ways of medical care, newer biological and healthcare products are plenty.

Educational Qualification: Candidates having a background in science at the 10+2 level are eligible for BSc in Biochemistry.

Prospects:Biochemistry is an essential part of Life Science. It will bring in enormous changes in the way we live, get medical care and take medicines. Prospects of newer ways of medical care, newer biological and healthcare products are plenty.

Institues: 1.All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, PO New Delhi 110029
2.Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh - 202 001
3.Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Coimbatore-641043
4.Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapali - 620 024
5.Banaras Hindu University Varanasi - 221005
6.Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya 169, Ravindra Nath Tagore Marg, Indore-452001
7.Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad-431004

Aqua Science

Broadly speaking aqua science is the multi-disciplinary study of Earth's interrelated processes (atmosphere, oceans, and land surface) and their relationship to changes in the Earth system

Educational Qualification:Graduate degree in science.

Prospects:Aquatic careers are as varied as the habitats with which they are associated. The oceans are one obvious area in which people focus their marine careers; but there are many other aquatic environments such as estuaries, lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands in which people base their work.

Institues: East Zone- 1.College of Fishery Sciences,Raha Assam B.F.Sc. 10+2 PCB 50%. Merit in Entrance exam.
2.Manipur UniversityCanchipur, Imphal 795003 B.Sc. Fishery Sc. as one subject 10+2 with PCB from Manipur or equivalent.
3. College of Fishery Sciences Kulia Campus, 68 Khudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata - 700003 B.F.Sc.M.F.Sc. 10+2 PCB 50%. Merit in Entrance B.F.Sc. 60%
4.College of Fishery Sciences, Dholi, Muzaffarpur B.F.Sc. 10+2PCB 50%. Merit in Entrance exam
5.Utkal University, Vani Vihar,Bhubaneswar - 751004 B.Sc. FisheryScience as subject H.Sc.
6.College of Fishery Sciences,Bhubaneswar - 751003 B.F.Sc. 10+2 PCB 50%. Merit in Entrance exam

North Zone-1.G.B.Pant University of Agriculture, Pant Nagar, Nainital - 263145 B.Sc. FisheriesM.Sc.Fisheries Sc. 10+2 with PCB or Agriculture * written test. B.Sc. with Zoology
2.Barkatullah University, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026 M.Sc. FishGenetic (3 yrs.) B.Sc. with 50% with Zoology or B.F.Sc.

West Zone-1.Gujarat Agricultural University,College of Fisheries, Veraval,Sardar Krushinagar - 385506 B.Sc. FisheryScience (4 yrs.) 10+2 from Gujarat in PCB or equivalent with 50% marks.
2.Deemed UniversityCentral Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai - 400061 M.Sc.Fisheries Management2 yearsPG diplomain Fisheries B.Sc. with Zoology Fishery Sc. 60% marks, Graduates with Zoology and 50% marks. Written all India exam for selection
3.Konkan krishi Vidyapeeth,Dhapoli, Ratnagiri. B.Sc. Fishery Sc.M.Sc. Fishery Sc. 10+2 with PCMB from Maharashtra or equivalent.B.F.Sc. Selection merit.
4.Dr. B.R.Ambedkar University,Aurangabad - 431004 B.Sc. Fishery Sc.as subject 10+2 with PCB
5.Goa University, P.O.Santacruz,Plateau, Goa - 403002 M.Sc. Marine Sc.M.Sc. (Marine Biotech) B.Sc. with 50%marks.B.Sc. with 55%
6.South Gujarat University, UdhnaMagdalla Road, Surat - 395007 B.Sc. (Hons) H.Sc.

South Zone-1.Osmania Univ., Hyderabad - 500067 B.Sc. Fishery Sc. 10+2 with PCB 50% marks
2.Andhra University,Waltair - 530003Andhra Pradesh B.Sc. Fisheries & Hort. As subjectM.Sc. Culture &Capture fisheries M.Sc. Marine Sc. & Biology 10+2 with PCB 50% marks.B.Sc. II Class 50% marks.B.Sc. II Class 50% marks
3.College of Fishery Sciences,Muthukar - 534344, Nellore B.F.Sc. 10+2 PCB 50%. Merit in Entrance Exam
4.Kakatiya University,Vidyaranapuri, Warangal - 606009 B.Sc. Fishery Sc.as a subject 10+2 with PCB
5.Nagarjuna Unversity,Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur - 522510 B.Sc. Fishery Sc.as a subject 10+2 with PCB
6.Tamilnadu veterinary andAnimal Science University,Fisheries Research Institute,Tuticorin - 628008 Bachelor of FisheryScience (B.F.Sc.)M.F.Sc. 10+2 with 60% marks AnimalB.F.Sc. or equivalent with 60%marks
7.Fisheries College, Mangalore, Karnataka. B.F.Sc.M.F.Sc. 10+2 with 50%. Merit in Entrance B.F.Sc.
8.Karnataka University,Pavate Nagar, DharwadKarnataka - 580003 B.Sc. Fishery Sc.M.Sc. MarineBiology 10+2 with 50%B.Sc. with 50% & Zoology
9.Central Institute of FisheriesTech ( ICAR) WellingtonIsland, Kochi - 682029 M.Sc. Fishery Sc. B.Sc. Zoology 50% marks
10.Kerala Agriculture University,College of Fisheries, Panangad,Ernakulam B.F.Sc. 4 yearsM.F.Sc. 2 years PCB with 50% marksB.F.Sc. or B.Sc. with Zoology & 50% marks
11.University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram- -695034 MSc. Aquatic Biology and fishery Science B.Sc. with 55% in concerned subject
U12.niversity of CochinCochin M.Sc. in MaricultureTraining and Industrial Fisheries B.Sc.
Fisheries College, Panangad,Cochin B.F.Sc.M.F.Sc. XIIB.F.Sc.

Private Sector Training Programmes
MAC School of Aquaculture,Tuticorin Graduate Diploma in Shrimp Farming.PG dip. in ShrimpfarmingShrimp Farming training certificate Graduate in ZoologyMSc/BFSc./MFSc.Entrepreneurs and their nominees
Raman Academy of Aquaculture,Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh Certificate course ini. Prawn Farm Mgmt.ii. Fish Farm Mgmt.1 year Diploma in Aquaculturei. Shrimp Hatchery, Feed, Nutrition ii. Shrimp Culture, Feed Nutrition. PG Dip Aquaculture Prawn & fish Prod. Tech.Post-harvest Tech. & Mktg. 10th PassGraduate in Science Graduate in Science

Horticulture

It involves multiplication of any species of plants for commercial purposes. It not impartys training in cultivation of plants, vegetables, flowers, fruits, herbs, shrubs, bushes, ornamental trees and landscaping for gardens, maintaining nurseries, green houses, gardens, orchards and plantations but also includes floriculture or cultivation of flowers.

Educational Qualification:Most of the educational institutions in India teach horticulture as a part of the agricultural sss, while some offer a separate B.Sc. degree. Candidates can choose between doing a B.Sc. in agriculture or horticulture.

Prospects: This career is extremely lucrative since not only are the demands for good plants, flowers, fruits increasing but the technology (in terms of preserving these perishable products) too is becoming more sophisticated which ensures better results. The export industry is also helping build up the number of available jobs

Institues:1.Kerala Agricultural University Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656E-mail: [e-mail] :-0487-370034, 370439370432, 373008M.Sc Horticulture-Duration: 2 years Eligibility: B.Sc (Agri) with 52.8 per cent marks or an OGPA of 2.25 out of 4 in trimester system or 7.3 out of 10.0 in semester system or B.Sc Horticulture.
2.University of Agricultural Sciences G K V K Campus, Bangalore 560065E-mail: [e-mail] E-mail: [e-mail]
M.Sc Horticulture-Duration: 2 years. Eligibility: B.Sc Horticulture with 50% marks in aggregate. There is provision for the following subjects: Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Plantation Crops, Post Harvest Tech of Horticulture crops.
3.Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Nagar, Akola 444104E-mail: [e-mail] E-mail: [e-mail]:-0724-58365, 5818458024, 58372, 58015PBX-58200, 58217
(Maharashtra), B.Sc Horticulture-Duration: 4 years Eligibility: 10+2 with Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology

Environmental Science

Environmental Science is concerned with the space that surrounds us. It finds solutions to problems owing to environmental degradation, the energy crunch etc. It has created a demand for skilled professionals who could suggest ways to manage resources economically and even the public informed of issues and development,. It is going to be a career of the future

Environmental scientists can work in four general fields:

· Environmental Protection, which targets air, water and land quality and often has a human and environmental health and safety perspective,

· Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources, which deals both with park, fisheries and wildlife management and the operation of resource based industries such as mining, forestry and agriculture,

· Environmental Education and Communications, which occurs both in the public and private sectors.

Educational Qualification:Candidates having a background in science at the 10+2 level are eligible for BSc in Environmental Science

Prospects:The demand for environmental protection services is expected to increase considerably by the turn of the century. There is also an increasing demand for skilled personnel in the specialised technologies like oceanography, leather, footwear, plastic, gems, metals etc. Environmental Scientists are appointed in the R & D Departments of large industries to work on issues of pollution control, efficient waste and effluent control, management and planning. Large public as well as private sector organizations, and industries like paper, cement, dairy products, pesticides and pharmaceuticals etc. need environmental specialists to monitor their waste disposals.
Consultancy firms provide environmental impact assistance for industries and the Government, by assessing the ecological viability of large scale projects. Government organizations like the National Productivity Council, Metallurgical Engineering Consultants and institutes like IIT's and CSIR labs also provide consultancy services. The Government of India and various universities offer scope for Research and Development. It includes the National Environmental Energy Research Institute, National Metallurgical Laboratories, Central Leather Research Institute and the India Toxicological Research Institute. Options are also available with some private organisations involved in environmental protection and awareness. Career options are also available as Environmental Journalist.

Institues:1.Government Engineering College Ujjain 456010 Madhya Pradesh M.E. in Civil Engineering (Environmental Engg / Pollution Control.)
2.Maulana Azad College of Technology Bhopal - 462007 Madhya Pradesh Environmental Engineering & Planning (Public Health Engineering)
3.Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi - 110012 M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences
4.School of Planning and Architecture 4, Block-B, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi Ph.D. in Environmental Planning
5.Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 BSc, MSc, M.Phil & Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences.
6.Centre for Pollution Control & Biowaste Energy Pondicherry University, Pondicherry Ph.D. degree in Environmental Engineering, Ecotourism
7.The Adventurers Wilderness School 142, 69th Cross, 5th Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore 560010 Ecotourism

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
College of Engineering Guindy, Chennai 600025

Shri G S Institute of Technology & Science 23, Park Road, Indore 452003

P E S College of Engineering Mandya 571401, Kamataka.

Meteorology

Meteorology is the science of the atmosphere. The word meteorology comes from the Greek meteoros, which means lofty or elevated and logos, meaning discourse or description. The field of meteorology includes both weather and climate and is concerned with the physical, dynamical (a force producing change or motion), and chemical state of the Earth's atmosphere and interactions between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface

Educational Qualification:Candidates having a background in science at the 10+2 level are eligible for BSc in Meteorologya

Prospects:Successful candidates can be absorbed in institutions such as the

+ Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology,
+ India Meteorology Department,
+ Indian Air Force,
+ Space Application Centre,
+ National Remote Sensing Agency,
+ Defence Research and Development Organisation,
+ Indian Space Research Organisation, SHAR,

Institues:Diploma in Meteorology Bharathiyar University, Maruthamalai Rd., Coimbatore - 641046, Tamil Nadu
Diploma in Meteorology Panjabi University, Patiala - 147002, Punjab
M.Sc. (Meteorology) &M. Tech after M.Sc. Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin University, PO Cochin - 682022, Kerala
M. Sc. Meteorology MS University of Baroda, Fatehganj, Vadodara - 390002
M.Sc. Oceanography & Meteorology Andhra University, Waltair - 530003, Andhra Pradesh

Molecular Biology

Molecular biologists (along with cellular and microbial) aim to understand the functions of single-cell microorganisms and single animal cells at a molecular level. For example, how are cellular processes such as movement, cell division and energy production performed by the molecules that make up cells? These are particularly fascinating problems because microorganisms can inhabit extreme environments from geothermal plumes on the ocean floor to arctic ice. The aim of this group of allied disciplines is to understand how the molecules within a particular cell type carry out these specialized functions.

Prospects:Molecular biologists work in a variety of fields; their duties varying from one to the next, but in all of the fields working in life science is involved. Molecular and cell biologists study molecular aspects of various cellular structures and processes. Molecular and cell biologists can work on finding cures to various diseases by studying genes and how they mutate to cause diseases (such as cancer). Drug companies are always researching new products and molecular and cell biologists are a part of that research. They can work on developing therapeutic drugs to working on stem cell research and in many other areas within the medical development field. A molecular and cell biologist may find themselves working on research that involves cloning, sub cloning, synthetic RNA transcription, gene expression, cell growth and development, cell and organelle structure and assembly, and DNA dynamics and chromosome structure, and other types of laboratory work. Recording and analyzing various types of data is an important part of working as a molecular and cell biologist and will often be a part of one's job. Applying research to help solve health problems and to help cure diseases will also be an option for molecular and cell biologists.

Institues:Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar - 143 005University of DelhiNew Delhi - 110 007University of MumbaiM.G.Road, FortMumbai - 400 032Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, Nainital - 263 145University of MadrasCentenary BuildingsChepauk, Chennai - 600005Utkal UniversityVani ViharBhubaneswar - 751 004

Oceanography

India has been active in the area of sea-bed exploration, ocean energy, design and development of marine instrumentation for fish detection, data buoys and underwater systems for many years. In 1981, India set up an Antarctic Research Station, 'Dakshin Gangotri'. Through its marine Satellite Information System (MARSIS)), it is now possible to alert coastal states on potential fishery zones and marine pollution. Oceanography has since matured into a highly technical and interdisciplinary science.

Oceanography is today of great significance to developing countries. A career in this area is really a challenging one and it provides opportunity to those with intrinsic curiosity and a desire to venture into the vast realm of the unknown, which exists within our oceans. The work involves collecting samples, conducting surveys, analyzing data using sophisticated equipment in the sea for long hours.

An understanding of the subject is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the enormous food, mineral and energy resource of the ocean. The study of Oceanography may be roughly divided into three segments:
1. Chemical Oceanography (about the composition of sea water)
2. Physical Oceanography (about Ocean currents, tides and waves, and the role of the oceans in climate and weather)
3. Geological Oceanography (about the formation, composition and evolution of ocean basins)

Educational Qualification:Those with graduation in pure science can go for a course in oceanography. In almost all cases mathematics is required as well.

Prospects:Oceanography as a career option provides you with good opportunities. Oceanography Graduates can find jobs in Shipyards as Port Engineers, Software structural designers for computer oriented fields, hydrodynamics, or as scientists in National Institutes undertaking oceanographic research. Following jobs are also avilable

+ Private sector (the marine industries, development of products and research)
+ Organizations in the public sector (Oil India etc.)
+ Governmental establishments (the Geological Survey of India and Meteorological Survey of India included).

Institues:B. Sc. in Marine Science Goa University, P O Santa Cruz, Teleigao Plataeu, Goa 403002 Min requriment:12th
M. Sc. in Marine Bio., Oceanography, Marine Geology Cochin University of Science and Technology, P O Cochin 682022, Kerala Min requriment B. Sc.
M. Sc. in Marine Geology Mangalore University, University Campus, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka Min requriment B. Sc.
M. Sc. in Marine Geology University of Chennai, Centenary Building, Chepauk, Chennai 600005 Geology main equivalent exam needs to be taken
M. Sc. in Ocean Life Sciences University of Chennai, Centenary Building, Chepauk, Chennai 600005 Min requriment B.Sc. in Botany or Zoology
M.Sc. (Marine Sc.) specialisation in Marine Biology, Marine Geology, Chemical Oceanography, Physical oceanography

M.Sc in Meteorology and Oceanography Andhra Pradesh University, Waltair 530003, Andhra Pradesh Min requriment B. Sc. in any related field
M.Sc. in Marine Sciences Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Dist. Ganjam, Orissa Min requriment B. Sc.
M.Sc. in Marine Science Goa University, P O Santa Cruz, Teleigao Plataeu, Goa 403002 B. Sc. with 7 units out of 100 marks for each first, second and third yr. taken together in the subject of admission
M.Sc. in Marine Zoology Utkal University, P O Vanivihar, Bhubaneshwar 751004, Orissa Min requriment B.Sc. or B.Sc. and B.Ed.

Forensic Science

Forensic science is primarily concerned with the application of scientific principles for the investigation of crime. A renowned Western scholar Blythe Camenson defines it as follows: "Forensic science is the acquisition and analysis of scientific data for application to the study and resolution of crime, investigation, civil and regulatory issues, and criminal identification."Using the very latest in technology, forensic scientists convert the clues collected from a crime scene into evidence admissible in a court of law. It is the use or application of science in courts or legal proceedings. This is a challenging and interesting field for those who have are inquisitive and loves adventure.


Forensic Science is essentially a crime laboratory-based profession, the course qualifies students to apply their knowledge of science to the investigation of crime. But the expertise of a forensic professional is also used in civil cases for issues like proving the validity of a signature on a will, to a claim of the products liability, to find out whether an industry is complying with environmental rules.

Forensic science is not a discipline or branch of science, but is a catch-all for many distinct disciplines. It is broadly grouped into three: Medical, laboratory and field science.

Educational Qualification: To take up a masters course in forensic science you need to be a graduate preferably with a first division in Physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, biochemistry, microbiology, B.pharm, BDS or applied science. Most forensic science lab positions require at least a Bachelor's degree in physical science. Majors that are required depend on the area in forensic science you wish to go into. According to international standards drug analysts should have a degree heavy in chemistry, while DNA analysts should have an emphasis on molecular biology. The rules also lay down that if you want to work in forensic DNA analysis, you must have coursework in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry and suggests that courses in statistical analysis would also be helpful.

Prospects:They can find employment with law enforcement agencies, police, legal system and in the investigative services of the government and also private agencies. They can also work as teachers in institutes that conduct courses in this subject.

Institues:National Institute of criminology and Forensic science, New Delhi

Horticulture

Horticulture is an aspect of agriculture that includes the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. It also covers floriculture, or the cultivation of flowers, and other agricultural practices.


Over the years horticulture has grown from a kitchen-garden kind of activity into an organised area of agriculture. The increasing demand for fresh and hygienically packaged fruits and vegetables offers new challenges for those entering this field.
In the area of floriculture too, while the annual demand for flowers in the domestic market continues to grow at a rate of 20% a year, the demand in the international market is currently Rs 75,000 crores and supply is only 60% of this figure. The export potential for these products is very good and therefore the prospects for horticulture specialists are extremely bright.

Educational Qualification: The basic eligibility criteria for a B.Sc. in horticulture is 10+2 with sciences including Physics and Biology. For an M.Sc. in Horticulture, one must have a B.Sc. degree in Agriculture or a related subject.

Prospects:This career is extremely lucrative since not only are the demands for good plants, flowers, fruits increasing but the technology (in terms of preserving these perishable products) too is becoming more sophisticated which ensures better results. The export industry is also helping build up the number of available jobs.India's advantageous geographical location, with its varying soil and climatic conditions and the advantage of three harvests a year, as well as an abundant labour force, provides ample opportunities for the growth of a range of agri-products throughout the year. There are also opportunities in Teaching and Advisory Services which would include motivation of fruit growers, and liaison with marketing agencies within the country and abroad.

Institues:College of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan, HP.
College of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra.
Faculty of Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University (TNAU), Coimbatore.
College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Trichur, Kerala

Agriculture Science

Agriculture has always been the mainstay of the Indian economy, although its share has been declining in recent years. This sector employs more than two-thirds of the labour force and has vital supply and demand links with the industrial sector. It is the source not only of food, clothing and housing, but also of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. While the farmer cultivates the land and grows plants, industries process, distribute and transport farm produce.

The field of agriculture includes farm management, businesses and industries that manufacture agricultural machinery, industries that buy and process the farm products, banking activities for financing and developing farms, research for improving quantity and quality of farm products, so on and so forth.

Educational Qualification:There are a large number of institutions offering graduate and post-graduate courses in agriculture and its allied fields. Most states have an agricultural university which offers a choice of several agricultural specializations, such as agricultural economics, agricultural chemistry, horticulture, animal husbandry, agricultural marketing and farm management. Candidates need to have passed 10+2 with science and clear an entrance exam for admission to the four-year B.Sc. course in agriculture.

Prospects:Agro-industry is a large and growing sector that requires farm products for further commercial use. The food processing industry sells raw or processed farm products, and requires a range of professionals.

Institues:GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, UP.
Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
College of Agriculture, Hyderabad.
Gujarat Agriculture University, Anand Dist, Gujarat.
College of Agriculture, Kolhapore, Maharashtra
Osmania University, Hyderabad 500067, (Andhra Pradesh)

Narendra Deva University Of Agriculture & Technology, Faculty Of Agriculture, Narendranagar, P O Kumarganj, Faizabad 224229, (Uttar Pradesh), Ph: 62035

Aligarh Muslim University, Centre Of Agriculture, Aligarh 202002, Ph: 400994, 400528

Astronomy

Astronomy is the science dealing with all the celestial bodies in the universe, including the planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, the stars and interstellar matter, the star systems known as galaxies, and clusters of galaxies.

Modern astronomy is divided into several branches, namely, astrometry, the observational study of the positions and motions of these bodies; celestial mechanics the mathematical study of their motions as explained by the theory of gravitation; astrophysics, the study of their chemical composition and physical condition from spectrum analysis and the laws of physics; and cosmology, the study of the universe as a whole.

Educational Qualification: after 10+2 you can do your graduation in Science stream and then at the Master's and Ph.D levels, there are several options. Both astronomy and astrophysics are grounded in mathematics & physics. Any aspiring student can do as many courses as possible, in either of these subjects. Many universities offer a degree in astronomy at an MSc. level, and some have a specialisation in theoretical astronomy. A professional astronomers also takes courses in microelectronics & instrumentation at some point in one's education.

Prospects:A certified astronomer has the option of working in observatories or government laboratories. Many of them teach in planetariums and universities. Employment opportunities exist in organisations such as the TIFR (Government of India's National Centre for Nuclear Science and Mathematics), the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune and Ooty, the IIS, Bangalore, the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, UP State Observatory at Nainital, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Bangalore, Astronomical Society of India, Udaipur Solar Observatory, and the CSIR. Some researchers also go on to work at leading observatories and institutes in the USA.

Institues:1. - Andhra University , Visakhapatnam 530003 - Course: MSc Space Physics (3yrs). Eligibility: BSc. Diploma in Space Science & Tech. Eligibility: MS (Phs)/MScTech with electronics.2. - MP Birla Planetarium, 96 Jawaharlal Nehru Rd, Kolkata 700071. Course: PG Diploma in Astronomy & Planetary Sciences.3. - Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034. Course: PhD in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post-doctoral Fellowships. (www.iiap.ernet.in).4. - JNTU College of Engineering, Hyderabad. Course: MSc (Tech) Space Physics).5. - Osmania University, Centre for Advanced Study in Astronomy, Hyderabad 500007. Course: MSc (Astronomy). Eligibility: BSc (45% in the rel subj).