SARAYA.
(4th year of Hijra i.e., 625/26 C.E.)
Sirya (plural Saraya) is an expedition in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) himself did not go with the Companions. If any battle takes place, the Companions fight it uner the command of their leader appointed by the Prophet.
With a few exceptions, the tribes of Arabia were not all arrayed against Islam. The root cause was idol-worship, a matter of faith so dear to the heart of every tribe; and that Islam was pledged to abolish. Besides this, the Quraish exercised great influence over all Arabia. During the Hajj days, when the tribes assembled at Mecca, the Quraish used to incite them against Islam. Another major cause of hostility was that the tribes had lived on loot and plunder ; Islam tried to stop it by word and deed. Thus they felt that, in case Islam got ascendant, their means of livelihood would be denied to them. The victory at Badr had, however, over-awed the tribes, and made them inactive for a time; but the reverse at Uhud changed the situation. Once again the tribes were up against Islam. The numerous skirmishes (Saraya) that one finds recorded in the books of Prophet's biography are the links of the same chain. In keeping with their usual practice, the historians while describing these battles, have not dealt with their causes. But Ibn Sa'd, in his Tabaqat, and some other eminent writers on this subject have dealt with the causes of each battle, saying how a particular tribe intended an atack on Medina and how the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had to send a force to checkmate its designs.
Sirya Abi Salama
First of all, in the month of Muharram, in the fourth year of the Hijra, Talha and Khuwailid, whose tribes lived in the mountainous area of Faid and Qatan, instigated their tribesmen to attack Medina. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to know of it, he sent 150 Muhajirs and Ansaris under the command of Abu Salama. Hearing of his approach, the tribesmen fled away.
Sirya Ibn Unais
Later on, in the same month, Sufyan Ibn Khalid who belonged to the tribe of Lahyan and was the chieftain of the mountainous areas of 'Uraina, planned an attack on Medina. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent, 'Abdullah Ibn Unais who by his didplomacy got an oportunity to kill Sufyan.
Sirya Bi'r Ma'una
In the month of Safar of the same year, Abu Bara', the chief of the tribe of Kilab came to the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and asked him to send with him a few Muslims in order to preach to his tribe. The Holy Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) remarked that he feared mischief from Nejd. (Such an attitude was nothing strange. 'Amir Ibn Rufail, the chief of that locality had put forth three conditions before the Prophet, viz., (i) that he ('Amir) should be proclaimed as the ruler of the cities. (ii) that the Prophet should assume the kingship of the desert area and (iii) that the Prophet should nominate him ('Amir) as his successor after him. In case of non-acceptance he declared his determination to attack the Muslims with the help of Ghatafan. The prophet refused to accept these terms and so apprehended danger and trouble from him. Sahih al-Bukhari ) Abu Bara' replied that he himself stood their security. The Prophet agreed and sent 70 Ansaris with him. These were all very pious men of saintly habits, the majority belonging to the Companions of the Suffa. Their daily routine had been to collect fuel from the forest, which they sold in the evening and shared the proceeds with the other members of the Suffa.
These men made a halt at a place known as Bi'r Ma'una. Through Haram Ibn Milhan, they sent the Prophet's letter to 'Amir Ibn Rufail, the chief of the tribe. 'Amir killed Haram Ibn Milhan. He also hurried up his men to the neighbouring tribes of 'Usiyya, Ra'l and Dhakawan, asking them to come prepared. Thus a big force was collected, which advanced forward under the command of 'Amir. The Companions were waiting for the return of Haram Ibn Milhan ; and when he did not turn up they themselves moved forward. In the way they came face to face with 'Amir. The infidels surrounded the Muslims on all sides and killed all of them, (This party of Companions included Ka'b Ibn Zaid whom the enemy took to be dead. But he survived and met death later on in the battle of Tenches. ) except 'Amr Ibn Umayya ( Tow Ansaris, 'Amr Ibn Umayya and Mundhar Ibn Muhammad 'Uqba, were coming up behind. Mundhar was killed when they reached the place of occurrence and 'Amr Ibn Umayya was taken prisoner, but later on released ....Zurqani, Vol. II, p. 89-S.) whom 'Amir spared saying that his mother had taken a vow to free a slave and so he was setting him free. Then he cut his locks of hair and left him. The Prophet had never been so grieved as when this mishap was reported to him. For a whole month the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed against these evil-doers after his morning prayers. 'Amr Ibn Umayya, on his way back, killed tow men from the tribe of 'Amir, whom the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) had given immunity. 'Amr did not know of it. He thought he was getting revenge on Banu 'Amir for their faithless conduct towards the Prophet's Companions. The Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) exressed his displeasure when it was made known to him and announced the payment of their blood-money to be made.
2006-08-27 14:09:14
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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