ratio of aperture and shutter speed in exposure?

Question

how to set the ratio of exposure with aperture and shutter speed on Nikon D50 DSLR camera according to weather condition, can anyone help me?

Answer 1

I use my D200 in Aperture priority mode about 95% of the time and make occasional adjustments to the EV setting to over/ under expose. Nikon has the best metering system of any brand, so you might as well use it.
If you want to get medieval and revert back to fully Manual, use the 'sunny 16' rule. This rule states that on a sunny day, with the aperture set to f/16, and with 100 ISO, the shutter time should be 1/ focal length. With the cropped sensor, make that 1/ (focal length * 1.5). So if your using a 50mm lens, the shutter time should be 1/75th second. With a 200mm lens, the shutter time should be 1/300th second. Et cetera.
To vary the ISO or the aperture, re-do the math.
For slight clouds, over-expose by 1 stop.
For an overcast day, over-expose by 2 stops.
For snow or a bright beach, over-expose by 1 or 2 stops.
And after the shot, use the histogram to check the exposure.
If you're not clear on what a 'stop' means, or if you don't know how to use the histogram, feel free to drop me a line.

Answer 2

Just use "Automatic" without worrying about it. If you want more control, use your meter. In either "S" or "A" mode, get a reading that says it's okay to shoot. Rotate the command dial either way and either the aperture of shutter speed will change, depending on which mode you chose. As you increase one factor, the other will decrease while keeping the EV ratio constant. You will eventually run into an upper or lower limit, based on the lighting conditions. You can use "M" also, but if you are asking this question, I think the preceding information will be what you are looking for.

I guess this is one feature that is missing on the D50. On the D200, they have a "variable" program (P) mode. If you put the camera in "P" mode, you can rotate the command dial to change the shutter and aperture together while maintaining a constant EV ratio. My D70 is at work, so I can't check that out right now.

Answer 3

Aperture Ratio

Answer 4

Aperture controls the diameter of the iris inside the lens.

Shutter speed controls how long the shutter is open.

Both settings affect how much light reaches the sensor.

Slow shutter speed allows more light, but anything less than 1/30 is extremely difficult to avoid blur (camera shake) handheld (with a tripod, it doesn't matter).

Aperture numbers that are higher represent a smaller iris opening (f22 is much smaller than f2). So a larger aperture (smaller number) lets more light through since the iris is wider. Low aperture numbers (f2, f4, etc.) tend to create images with shallow depth of field (i.e., items in front of or far behind the focus point are blurry). High aperture numbers (f16, f22, etc.) tend to create deep depth of field (i.e. items at the focus point are sharp as are those in front and behind that point).

Slow shutter speed is going to allow high aperture numbers. Fast shutter speed is going to need low aperture numbers.

You have to figure out what effect you want, and set your settings based on that.

Answer 5

all of the above are ways that you can use your aperture and shutter speed. i wonder who gave them thumbs down fr giving good answers.

you did forget about the presence of ISO as mentioned. ISO also determines the amount of iris opening and shutter speed needed to correctly expose any kind of scene.

there are many kinds of combination that you can use for the ratio of ISO, aperture and shutter speed:

higher ISO value+smaller aperture (bigger number)+faster shutter speed
higher ISO value+bigger aperture (smaller number)+ even faster shutter speed)
lower ISO value+smaller aperture+slower shutter speed
lower ISO value+bigger aperture+fast shutter speed

it boils down to the importance of each factor in making the shots. for example, to take a shot of a dance club with flash, you can keep it to about ISO 400-800 with bigger aperture and slow shutter speed and then flash it to get some cool effects. or if you would like to get a long exposure night scene with light trails on the street, you might use the combination of low ISO+smaller aperture(bigger number) and slow shutter speed of somewhere from 10-30 seconds depending on the light condition. say, you're in a very sunny day where the light is in abundance, you can use the combination of low ISO value, medium value aperture and faster shutter speed.

hope this helps.