what are the harmful effects of phenylketonurics or phenylanine?

Question

it is a used in like fresca

Answer 1

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human genetic disorder, in which the body lacks phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Left untreated, the disorder can cause brain damage and progressive mental retardation as a result of the accumulation of phenylalanine and its breakdown products. The incidence of occurrence of PKU is about 1 in 15,000 births, but the incidence varies widely in different human populations from 1 in 4,500 births among the Irish[1] to fewer than one in 100,000 births among the population of Finland.[2] Phenylketonuria can also possibly exist in mice

Phenylalanine is an essential alpha-amino acid. It exists in two forms, a D and an L form, which are enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) of each other. It has a benzyl side chain. Its name comes from its chemical structures consisting of a phenyl group substituted for one of the hydrogens in the side chain of alanine. Because of its phenyl group, phenylalanine is an aromatic compound. At room temperature, it is a white, powdery solid.
L-Phenylalanine (LPA) is an electrically-neutral amino acid, one of the twenty common amino acids used to biochemically form proteins, coded for by DNA. Its enantiomer, D-phenylalanine (DPA), can be synthesized artificially.

L-phenylalanine is used in living organisms, including the human body, where it is an essential amino acid. L-phenylalanine can also be converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the twenty protein-forming amino acids. L-tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (latter three are known as the catecholamines). D-phenylalanine can be converted only into phenylethylamine.

The genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Individuals with this disorder are known as "phenylketonurics", and must abstain from consumption of phenylalanine. It is present in many sugarless gums, Monster Munch crisps, sugarless soft drinks (such as Diet Coke) and a number of other food products, all of which must be labeled: "Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine." It's important to realize that phenylalanine itself is not present in the food. Aspartame (e.g. Equal, NutraSweet) is an ester that is hydrolyzed in the body to form phenylalanine, aspartic acid and methanol (wood alcohol), and it is the phenylalanine product of aspartame which then builds up in the person with PKU. The amounts produced by aspartame are an incredibly low risk factor however, as far larger quantities of the amino acid would be obtained through simply consuming any protein at all with phenylalanine content, which would include all complete proteins, as phenylalanine is an essential amino acid.

The synthesized mix DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA), which is a combination of the D- and L- forms (e.g. a racemate: a racemic compound or mixture), is used as a nutritional supplement. Research indicates that DLPA can be an effective part of an overall program to fight chronic pain and depression in some cases, including the mood swings of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Some sources contend that DLPA can increase energy and mental alertness, as well as heighten the ability to focus in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The genetic codon for phenylalanine was the first to be discovered. Marshall W. Nirenberg discovered that, when he inserted m-RNA made up of multiple uracil repeats into E. coli, the bacterium produced a new protein, made up solely of repeated phenylalanine amino acids.

Phenylalanine uses the same active transport channel as tryptophan to cross the blood-brain barrier, and, in large quantities, interferes with the production of serotonin.

Phenylalanine is contained in most protein rich foods, but especially good sources are dairy products (curd, milk, cottage cheese), avocados, pulses and legumes (particularly lima beans), nuts (peanuts, pistachios, almonds), seeds (piyal seeds), leafy vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish and other seafoods.

Answer 2

Abstract Brain phenylalanine concentrations at plasma levels raised to that in phenylketonuric subjects were studied in rats from fetal through postnatal life. Suppression of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase with methylphenylalanine, and injections of age-adjusted doses of phenylalanine on the next day, assured the persistence of the same elevation of plasma levels for at least four hours prior to assay. The net phenylalanine uptake determined under these conditions underwent several-fold decreases between the fourth day and the end of the suckling period, and by about the age of 30 days it was as low as in adulthood. The development of transport properties studied here could contribute to the change with age in the vulnerability of the brain to the same degree of hyperphenylalaninemia and, since the cerebral phenylalanine uptake may decrease to non-damaging levels during childhood, it is pertinent to defining the age at which the rigorous diet of phenylketonurics might be safely relaxed. :))

Answer 3

What Is Phenylketonurics

Answer 4

Without the filtering action of the ozone layer, more of the Sun's UV-B radiation would penetrate the atmosphere and would reach the Earth's surface. Many experimental studies of plants n animals n clinical studies of humans hav shown the harmful effects of excessive exposure to UV-B radiation.Several studies hav documented the harmful effects of ozone on crop production, forest growth. Because ozone reacts strongly with other molecules, high levels of ozone are toxic to living systems Ground-based and satellite instruments have measured decreases in the amount of stratospheric ozone in our atmosphere. Over some parts of Antarctica, up to 60% of the total overhead amount of ozone (known as the column ozone) is depleted during Antarctic spring (September-November). This phenomenon is known as the Antarctic ozone hole. In the Arctic polar regions, similar processes occur that have also led to significant chemical depletion of the column ozone during late winter and spring in 7 out of the last 11 years There is now ample evidence that exposure of humans n experimental animals to UV-B radiation from artificial or natural sources can modify the immune system both at the site of exposure (locally) as well as systemically, mainly by decreasing cellular immune responses. local effects of UV irradiation can also decrease resistance to the growth of cancer cells, including melanomas. UV radiation damages DNA. this can alter the genetic info, causing mutations that can lead to formation of a cancer cell. It also may cause a greenhouse effect, gradually warming the earth to the point where our polar ice caps melt and flood the coastal cities. This is a very long-term effect, though. UV-B rays also seem to have a harmful effect on amphibian eggs, which may be one cause for the recent and drastic drop in frog populations. this disturbs the env. balance. There are likely to be many other effects of ozone depletion which we will discover in years to come.

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Answer 5

I read somewhere that it can cause a brain deficiency if used while pregnant resulting in a consition called pku.

here is a link i found

Answer 6

Memory loss - but it is not documented. Also headaches, but it is hard to prove.

Answer 7

If you had it, you'd know by now.