European colonialism
Human Zoo (Völkerschau) in Stuttgart (Germany) in 1928.Main article: Colonialism
Authors such as Hannah Arendt, in her 1951 book The Origins of Totalitarianism, have pointed out how the racist ideology ("popular racism") developed at the end of the 19th century helped legitimize the imperialist conquests of foreign territories, and the crimes that accompanied it (such as the Herero and Namaqua Genocide, 1904-1907). Auguste Comte's positivist ideology of necessary social progress as a consequence of scientific progress lead many Europeans to believe in the inherent superiority of the "White Race" over non-whites. Rudyard Kipling's poem on The White Man's Burden (1899) is one of the most famous illustrations of such belief. Racist ideology thus helped legitimize subjugation, slavery and the dismantling of the traditional societies of indigenous peoples, which were thus conceived as humanitarian obligations as a result of these racist rationalizations. Other colonialists recognized the depravity of their actions but persisted for personal gain and there are some Europeans during the time period who objected to the injustices caused by colonialism and lobbied on behalf of aboriginal peoples. Thus, when the so-called "Hottentot Venus" was displayed in England in the beginning of the 19th century, the African Association publicly opposed itself to this shameful exhibition. The same year that Kipling published his poem, Joseph Conrad published Heart of Darkness (1899), a clear criticism of the Congo Free State owned by Leopold II of Belgium.
Human zoos were an important means of bolstering "popular racism" by connecting it to scientific racism: they were both objects of public curiosity and of anthropology and anthropometry [2] [3]. Joice Heth, an African-American slave, was displayed by P.T. Barnum in 1836, a few years after the exhibition of Saartjie Baartman, the "Hottentot Venus", in England. Such exhibitions became common in the New Imperialism period, and remained so until World War II. Congolese pygmy Ota Benga was displayed in 1906 by eugenicist Madison Grant, head of the Bronx Zoo, as an attempt to illustrate the "missing link" between humans and orangutans: thus, racism was tied to Darwinism, creating a social Darwinism ideology which tried to ground itself in Darwin's scientific discoveries. The 1931 Paris Colonial Exhibition displayed Kanaks from New Caledonia [4]. A "Congolese village" was on display as late as 1958 at the Brussels' World Fair.
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Slavery in the United States
Main article: Slavery in the United States
Contention over the morality and legality of the institution of slavery was one of the cardinal issues which led to the American Civil War. The failed attempt at secession by the Southern United States led to the Emancipation Proclamation, which was the official end of legal slavery in the United States.
Emancipated blacks in the United States still had to struggle against institutional racism, forced segregation, violation of voting rights, and even terrorism. The Ku Klux Klan is perhaps the most notorious of these organizations espousing racist ideologies and enforcing discriminatory cultural norms with murderous violence and the threat of murderous violence.
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Anti-Native American racism
The Native Americans have faced racism in the United States since the days of Colonial America.The Native Americans were massacred by US forces in the 1800's which some claim was genocide [2][3]. US President Andrew Jackson was quoted as saying that" the only good Indian is a dead Indian" [4].Native Americans continue to face struggles. The Shoshone nation has accused the US government of racism for testing nuclear weapons close to their tribal lands. [5][6]. [7].
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Nazism, and Japanese imperialism
Main articles: Nazism and Japanese Nationalism
The Nazi, and Nazi resembling regimes which rose to power in Europe and Japan before World War II advocated and implemented policies and attitudes which were racist, xenophobic, and often genocidal. While racism, xenophobia, and genocide were not new, the scope of the atrocities committed by the German Nazis and the Japanese imperialists was without precedent.
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Anti-Japanese-American Racism during WWII
During the second world war, over 100,000 Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians were forcibly placed in concentration camps where they remained until the end of hostilities with Japan [8][9]. The incident that triggered the surge of anti-Japanese racism was the Imperial navy's attack on Pearl Harbor similar to how the events of 9/11 triggered a backlash against Arabs, Iranians and Muslims.
Racial discrimination is and has been official government policy in several countries. Nazi Germany's state racism is the most famous example, along with South Africa during the apartheid era. In the 1970s, Uganda expelled tens of thousands of ethnic Indians [citation needed]. Until 2003, Malaysia enforced discriminatory policies limiting access to university education for ethnic Chinese and Indian students who are citizens by birth of Malaysia, and many other policies explicitly favoring bumiputras (Malays) remain in force [citation needed].
In the United States, racial profiling of minorities by law enforcement officials is a controversial subject. Law enforcement looks for people who "fit the profile" to commit a crime according to experience and statistics. Some people consider this to be a form of racism. Some claim that profiling young Arab male fliers at airports will only lead to increased recruitment of older, non-Arab, and female terrorists, as well as Arab males who might be mistaken for white males. Some also state that this is unnecessary, as it brings the mistrust of many people. Many critics of racial profiling claim that it is an unconstitutional practice because it amounts to questioning individuals on the basis of what crimes they might commit or could possibly commit, instead of what crimes they have actually committed. Thus, it shifts the emphasis from the act itself (the crime) to the person (the "criminal"); Michel Foucault argued in Discipline and Punish (1975) that this was a general tendency of "disciplinary societies", creating the psychological category of "delinquent".
2006-08-23 01:59:38
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answer #1
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answered by Linda 7
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Racism reflects a person who fears a people they cannot understand. Just because they are different.
In many ways America would seem to be the biggest racist country just because so many Americans seem to think that anyone who is not American is some sort of sub species!
The race to suffer the most racism is probably Pakistan.
This inability to tolerate and live with others is a recipe for further wars and violence.
2006-08-23 02:02:53
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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I think racism is only a reason to be violent, so if you see a country where only exist one ethnic group, you will see how people uses any other excuse to feel superior to others... social position, economic position, for how long each family live in the city, politic preference or even how they speak they language...
Humans are not able to live in peace, we always find a way to create a war...
2006-08-23 04:22:52
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answer #3
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answered by esther c 4
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I think racism is sick! Lack of respect and all... I lived in several African countries for over 6 years, as a white and let me tell you: it works both ways! i was insulted by many, many people, they even throw stones at me in some hoods. But i am just paying indemnity for all the wrong my great-great grandfather did there... so i learned to live with it. But i would never insult a human for his color, shape or size! that's dogism.
2006-08-23 02:01:29
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answer #4
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answered by dj iOnic 1
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imho, racism exists in everyone and anyone. to deny this is harmful. my personal racism test:
what type of restaurant would you expect chopsticks to be available?
2006-08-23 02:06:01
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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