i'm a dvt patient. my blood report shown "Proten S" is down what can i do for maintain Proten S?

Question

I am a dvt patient from last 18 month & i take acitron 4 for blood dilution & crocin & procibon for pain relief. now my blood report shown less Proten S. what prevent & medician i take for maintain Proten S. in My both leg i have more pain after toilet. please help me & give me suggestion

Answer 1

Therapy

Anticoagulation is the usual treatment for DVT. Thrombolysis is generally reserved for extensive clot, e.g. an iliofemoral thrombosis.

In general, patients are initiated on a brief course (i.e., less than a week) of heparin treatment, while they start on a 3- to 6-month course of warfarin (or related vitamin K inhibitors). Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the type of heparin generally used, though unfractionated heparin is given in patients who have a contraindication to LMWH (e.g., renal failure or imminent need for invasive procedure). In patients who have had recurrent DVTs (two or more), anticoagulation is generally "life-long."

In patients who cannot have anticoagulant treatment (e.g., cerebral hemorrhage) or those who have recurrent PEs while on anticoagulation, an inferior vena cava filter (also referred to as a Greenfield filter) may prevent pulmonary embolisation of the leg clot. However these filters are themselves potential foci of thrombosis, IVC filters are viewed as a temporizing measure for preventing life threatening pulmonary embolism.

Prophylaxis (Prevention)

In patients who have undergone surgery, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are routinely administered to prevent thrombosis. LMWH can only currently be administered subcutaneously by injection. Prophylaxis for pregnant women who have a history of thrombosis may be limited to LMWH injections or may not be necessary if their risk factors are mainly temporary.

Early and regular ambulation (walking) is a treatment that predates anticoagulants and is still recognized and used today. Walking activates the body's muscle pumps, increasing venous velocity and preventing stasis. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) machines have proven protective in bed- or chair-ridden patients at very high risk or with contraindications to heparins. IPC machines use air bladders that are wrapped around the thigh and/or calf. The bladders arternately inflate and deflate, squeezing the muscles and increasing blood velocity by as much as 500%. IPC machines have been proven effective on knee and hip surgery patients (a population with a risk as high as 80% with no prophylactic treatment) of developing DVT and PE.

Pathogenesis (factors leading to the disease)

Main article: Thrombosis

Many factors are involved in the formation of a thrombus (clot). Virchow's triad is a group of 3 factors that are known to affect clot formation: rate of flow, the consistency (thickness) of the blood, and qualities of the vessel wall. Among the many risk factors, obesity, immobilisation, male sex, use of oral contraceptives, tobacco usage and air travel ("economy class syndrome", a combination of immobility and relative dehydration) are some of the better-known causes[1]. Thrombophilia (tendency to develop thrombosis) often expresses itself with recurrent thromboses.

It is recognised that thrombi usually develop first in the calf veins, "growing" in the direction of flow of the vein. DVTs are distinguished as being above or below the popliteal vein. Very extensive DVTs can extend into the iliac veins or the inferior vena cava. The risk of pulmonary embolism is higher in the presence of more extensive clots.