What year was the calculator invented?

Question

And what make was it? Thanks, this will settle an arguement.

Answer 1

http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/mechanical_calculators.html

http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/calculator_time-line.html

Answer 2

The abacus is one early calculating machine. Detailed history below.

The 17th century

Wilhelm Schickard built the first automatic calculator called the "Calculating Clock" in 1623. Some 20 years later, in 1645, French philosopher Blaise Pascal invented the calculation device later known as the Pascaline, which was used for taxes in France until 1799. The German philosopher G.W.v.Leibniz also produced a calculating machine.


1930s to 1960s

Mechanical calculator from 1914From the 1930s through the 1960s, mechanical calculators dominated the desktop computing market (see History of computing hardware). Major suppliers included Friden, Monroe, and SCM/Marchant. These devices were motor-driven and had multiple columns of keys for each digit. Addition and subtraction were performed in a single operation, as on a conventional adding machine, but multiplication and division were accomplished by repeated mechanical additions and subtractions. Handheld mechanical calculators such as the 1948 Curta continued to be used until they were displaced by electronic calculators in the 1970s.

In 1954, IBM demonstrated a large all-transistor calculator and, in 1957, they released the first commercial all-transistor calculator (the IBM 608). In early 1961, the world's first all-electronic desktop calculator, the Bell Punch/Sumlock Comptometer ANITA (A New Inspiration To Arithmetic) Mk.VII was released. This British designed-and-built machine used vacuum tubes in its circuits and cold-cathode nixie tubes for its display. This model was somewhat error-prone, and was replaced in September 1961 with the much more successful Mark VIII version. It was superseded technologically in June 1963, by the Friden EC-130, which had an all-transistor design, 13-digit capacity on a 5-inch CRT, and introduced reverse Polish notation (RPN) to the calculator market for a price of $2200, which was about triple the cost of an electromechanical calculator of the time. In 1964 Sharp introduced the CS-10A, also an all-transistor desktop calculator, which weighed 25 kg (55 lb) and cost 500,000 yen (~US$2500).

Answer 3

Heres when it was invented:

Wilhelm Schickard built the first automatic calculator called the "Calculating Clock" in 1623. Some 20 years later, in 1645, French philosopher Blaise Pascal invented the calculation device later known as the Pascaline, which was used for taxes in France until 1799. The German philosopher G.W.v.Leibniz also produced a calculating machine.

Thats legit, according to Wikipedia.com

DC

Answer 4

the 1st hand held calculator became invented at TI in 1967. The project became code-named “Cal Tech.” The clever heart of the 1st miniature calculator became circuitry waiting to accomplish addition, subtraction, multiplication, and branch. It had a small keyboard with 18 keys and a seen output that displayed as much as twelve decimal digits.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

Not sure of the invention date, but I was the first kid in my class to have one. My Nan bought me a Sinclair Cambridge calculator in 1976. It cost a fortune at £60.

From a worldwide perspective, I think Hewlett Packard were the first to release a hand held calculator, many years before.

Answer 7

The oldest surviving counting board is the Salamis tablet (originally thought to be a gaming board), used by the Babylonians circa 300 B.C., discovered in 1846 on the island of Salamis.

Answer 8

Information off the inventors website;

The Controversial Replica
of Leonardo da Vinci's Adding Machine

Prolog: It all started 2 years ago in June 1994 on a trip to Boston. While visiting the "Boston Computer Museum", I bought a booklet named "The History of Computing" by Marguerite Zientara. On page 3 I saw an unusual picture of a calculator titled "Leonardo da Vinci's Calculator". I started asking around about this calculator, but the more I asked, the less I knew, as it is not mentioned in any other book. The calculator became a quest of mine for the last 2 years. It took dozens of emails, faxes, telephone calls and snail mail to gather the information comprising the story of this unusual replica.

Special thanks to Mr. Joseph Mirabella (New York), stepson and assistant to Dr. Guatelli, for his first hand impressions, and the photograph of the Replica.





So, once upon a time ...
On February 13th 1967 an amazing discovery was made by American researchers working in the National Library of Spain, Madrid. They had stumbled upon 2 unknown works of Leonardo da Vinci know as the "Codex Madrid". There was much excitement regarding this discovery and the public officials stated that the manuscripts "weren't lost, but just misplaced".





Dr. Roberto Guatelli was a renowned world expert of Leonardo da Vinci. He specialized in building working replicas of da Vinci. He had built countless such replicas with four assistants, including his chief aid, stepson Joe Mirabella.
Early in 1951 IBM hired Dr. Guatelli to continue building such replicas. They had organized a traveling tour of the machines, which was displayed at schools, offices, labs, museums and galleries.
In 1961 Dr. Guatelli left IBM and set up his own work shop in New York.


In 1967, shortly after the discovery of the "Codex Madrid", Dr. Guatelli flew to the Massachusetts university to examine its copy.When seeing the page with the calculator he remembered seeing a similar drawing in the "Codex Atlanticus".
Putting the two drawings together Dr. Guatelli built the replica later in 1968.

It was displayed in the IBM exhibition.
The text beside the replica said:
Device for Calculation: An early version of today's complicated calculator, Leonardo's mechanism maintains a constant ratio of ten to one in each of its 13 digit-registering wheels. For each complete revolution of the first handle, the unit wheel is turned slightly to register a new digit ranging from zero to nine. Consistent with the ten to one ratio, the tenth revolution of the first handle causes the unit wheel to complete its first revolution and register zero, which in turn drives the decimal wheel from zero to one. Each additional wheel marking hundreds, thousands, etc., operates on the same ratio. Slight refinements were made on Leonardo's original sketch to give the viewer a clearer picture of how each of the 13 wheels can be independently operated and yet maintain the ten to one ratio. Leonardo's sketch shows weights to demonstrate the equability of the machine.


After a year the controversy regarding the replica had grown and an Academic trial was then held at the Massachusetts university in order to ascertain the reliability of the replica.

Amongst others were present Prof. I. Bernard Cohen consultant for the IBM collection and Dr. Bern Dibner a leading Leonardo scholar.

The objectors claimed that Leonardo's drawing was not of a calculator but represented a ratio machine. One revolution of the first shaft would give rise to 10 revolutions of the second shaft and 10 to the power of 13 at the last shaft. Such a machine could not be built due to the enormous amount of friction which would result.

It was said that Dr. Guatelli "had used his own intuition and imagination to go beyond the statements of Leonardo."
The vote was a tie, none the less IBM decided to remove the controversial replica from its display.

Answer 9

1

Answer 10

to late for me use yours to count the words in the sas that you have recved to this i ve just tried do you know where i can get my calculator fixed and a bran transplant

Answer 11

in the forties in Manchester