what r the short comings of DOS?

Answer 1

DOS, or Disk Operating System, is an operating system from back in the days when men were men and sheep were scared.

The main drawback is:=

With DOS, you don't get any pretty icons and menus to click on to make something happen.

In DOS you must know commands for the system and type them into a black screen, or console.

Commands like dir to list files in a directory.

Here are some more:

Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\Kim>help
For more information on a specific command, type HELP command-name
ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations.
AT Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
CALL Calls one batch program from another.
CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number.
CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.
CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the
current drive.
COPY Copies one or more files to another location.
DATE Displays or sets the date.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
ERASE Deletes one or more files.
EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences
between them.
FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FINDSTR Searches for strings in files.
FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a
batch program.
GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics
mode.
HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands.
IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
MD Creates a directory.
MKDIR Creates a directory.
MODE Configures a system device.
MORE Displays output one screen at a time.
MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.
PRINT Prints a text file.
PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it.
RD Removes a directory.
RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
REN Renames a file or files.
RENAME Renames a file or files.
REPLACE Replaces files.
RMDIR Removes a directory.
SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
SORT Sorts input.
START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.
SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter.
TIME Displays or sets the system time.
TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
TYPE Displays the contents of a text file.
VER Displays the Windows version.
VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written
correctly to a disk.
VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
XCOPY Copies files and directory trees.

Answer 2

"Synch.doc" reads as follows: Anyone who is interested in Time and Accuracy may find this program of interest. It also shows up a few shortcomings of DOS/BIOS.

Shortform instructions: (Must have more than an XT !!!)

To run type: synch (return)

This allows you to see the two system clocks running and the difference between them. It also allows synching and setting if required.

run: synch /s (return)

This provides synching of the BIOS clock to the CMOS clock without the the continual display of "synch". You may find this useful to run after games that alter the BIOS clock, LEMMINGS, etc. affect the BIOS clock. As the discussion to follow explains, you may like to add "synch /s" to your autoexec.bat so that the BIOS/DOS clock is a lot more accurate.

A Little Info.

The CMOS Time on an AT and above, is a separate TIMER chip with its own crystal that maintains time while the system is switched off. When the PC is first turned on, the Time in the CMOS chip (generic Motorola MC146818 with 64 Memory registers) is used to set the BIOS Ticker Register, so that DOS knows the time of day. From then on the BIOS time is derived from the main CPU Timing via Interrupt 8, updating 18.206481 times per second. The two clocks "should" be in synch, however because they are using different XTALS of dubious quality, they do drift after a short time. This program allows you to view this drift and absolute accuracy. Some programs, by changing the divide by count in the BIOS Timer IC, can make INTERRUPT 8 toggle at a different frequency. This is used by a few games to keep the "action" time standard between different machine speeds. So that when the war has been won and the LEMMINGS all saved, you don't know that it is 3.00 AM !!!

Although the CMOS timer chip runs on a cheap and nasty 32 kHz watch XTAL, it does keep time better than what you think, its just that you normally never see its true time, see below concerning booting.

Try these experiments on your AT and above.

1) Reboot the PC then run SYNCH ( without the /s) and note the difference between the two clocks, the two times can be up to 3 seconds out. !!!, to cure this put < synch /s > in your autoexec.bat, this will keep the BIOS time a little more accurate. NOTE, all DOS functions use the BIOS time as their time source, not the CMOS clock.

2) Reboot the PC (without synch /s) then use the DOS TIME command to set the time according to your watch. Then run "synch", you will notice that the BIOS time is as you set it, however the CMOS clock can be up to a second out !!! What seems to happen is that the BIOS clock is set quite accurately, but the CMOS is set by simply dumping in the hrs, mins, secs without concern as to the ripple count in the dividers inside the chip, hence the CMOS time can be out by up to a second. "Synch" allows you to set the CMOS time ( the software resets the dividers and allows for the "count so far" ) then resets the BIOS clock to synch with the CMOS ( the software resets the divider count in the TIMER chip) resulting in a far more accurate time set.

3) Use "synch" to set the CMOS time accurately according to a good reference (WWV Shortwave if your watch has a DISNEY character waving at you) and then in an hour's time, note how the two clocks are
performing, if you measure after five or so hours it will give a good idea of how accurate your PC MICKEYS are !!!!

Answer 3

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Answer 4

There are none. DOS is perfect in every way.