What is a byte, and what are the other units of measure for digital information?
A byte is a unit of measure for digital information. A single byte contains eight consecutive bits, and is capable of storing a single ASCII character, like "h".
A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes, not one thousand bytes as might be expected. This odd number results from the fact that computers use binary (base two) math, instead of a decimal (base ten) system.
Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB). A medium-sized novel contains about 1MB of information. 1MB is 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes. Again, this number results from the fact that computers use binary math.
Similarly, one gigabyte (GB) is 1,024MB, or 1,073,741,824 (1024x1024x1024) bytes. A terabyte (TB) is 1,024GB; 1TB is about the same amount of information as all of the books in a large library, or roughly 1,610 CDs worth of data. A petabyte (PB) is 1,024TB. Indiana University is now building storage systems capable of holding petabytes of data. An exabyte (EB) is 1,024PB. A zettabyte (ZB) is 1,024EB. And finally, a yottabyte (YB) 1,024ZB.
We count in base 10 by powers of 10:
101 = 10
102 = 10*10 = 100
103 = 10*10*10 = 1,000
106 = 1,000,000
Computers count by base 2:
21 = 2
22 = 2*2 = 4
23 = 2*2*2 = 8
210 = 1,024
220 = 1,048,576
So in computer jargon, the following units are used:
Unit Equivalent
1 kilobyte (KB) 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte (MB) 1,048,576 bytes
1 gigabyte (GB) 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 terabyte (TB) 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
1 petabyte (PB) 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
Note: Many hard drive manufacturers use a decimal number system to define amounts of storage space. As a result, 1MB is defined as one million bytes, 1GB is defined as one billion bytes, and so on. Since your computer uses a binary system as mentioned above, you may notice a discrepancy between your hard drive's published capacity and the capacity acknowledged by your computer. For example, a hard drive that is said to contain 10GB of storage space using a decimal system is actually capable of storing 10,000,000,000 bytes. However, in a binary system, 10GB is 10,737,418,240 bytes. As a result, instead of acknowledging 10GB, your computer will acknowledge 9.31GB. This is not a malfunction but a matter of different definitions.
2006-08-14 13:44:13
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answer #1
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answered by Devil Dog 6
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