Positive ion and negative ion?

Question

Why Na,K,Fe,Sc etc has positive ions,but Cl,O,F,Br,S etc has negative ions?tell me reasons.

Answer 1

that's good question,, if we look at your first Positive elements we will find that these elements are with 1,2 or 3 electrons which they easy can lose to get to octet role and this role says valance electrons should be 2 or 8 so these elements after losing electrons become positive ions ,, but if we checked the other elements we will find 7,6 or 5 valance electrons which never can lose and get those missed electrons to become 8 so they will become more negative and called negative ions or anions

Answer 2

It has to do with the amount of electrons in their outer energy level. For example, O has 6 electrons in its outer shell, so in order to have a full outer energy level it can either gain 2, or lose 6. Obviously its easier to gain 2, so it will make a negative ion. You can predict the behavior by calculating how many electrons an atom will have to lose or gain to have a full shell.

Answer 3

Atomic number of Na is 11, Na tends to lose (e) because
by losing (1e) , it gets the electronic configuration of inert gas before it which is Ne (10),therefore it becomes more stable. The reason about K and Fe. That is why you see Na+, K+, Fe2+,...
Cl tends to earn (e) because by gaining (1e) it gets the atomic configuration of inert gas of Ar(18) , therefore it (Cl) becomes more stable.

Answer 4

it is because of the charges of electron in the outermost shell.They are electron donor for example they donate electrons to complete the outer shell of an element.Na+ {positively charged} Cl- (negatively charged) chlorine are now the electron acceptor.