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In many societies, present and historical, the law has not given illegitimate persons the same rights of inheritance as legitimate ones, and in some, not even the same rights. In the United Kingdom and the United States, as late as the 1960s, illegitimacy carried a strong social stigma among both middle- and working-class people. Unwed mothers were strongly encouraged, at times actually forced, to give their children up for adoption. Often, an illegitimate child would be raised by grandparents or married relatives as the "sister" or "nephew" of the unwed mother. In such cultures, the fathers of bastard children did not incur the same censure nor, generally, much legal responsibility, due both to social attitudes about sex and to the difficulty of accurately determining a child's paternity.

Thus illegitimacy has affected not only the "illegitimate" individuals themselves. The stress that such circumstances of birth once regularly visited upon families, is illustrated in the case of Albert Einstein and his wife-to-be, Mileva Marić, who — when she became pregnant with the first of their three children, Lieserl — felt compelled to maintain separate residences in different cities.

By the final third of the 20th century, in the United States, all the states had adopted uniform laws that codify the responsibility of both parents to provide support and care for a child, regardless of the parents' marital status, and giving illegitimate and adopted persons the same rights to inherit their parents' property as anyone else. Generally speaking, in the United States, "illegitimacy" has been supplanted by the concept, "born out of wedlock." One does not speak of a child being "illegitimate"; all children are equally legitimate.

Despite the decreasing legal relevance of illegitimacy, an important exception may be found in the nationality laws of many countries, which discriminate against illegitimate children in the application of jus sanguinis, particularly in cases where the child's connection to the country lies only through the father. This is true of the United States [1] and its constitutionality was upheld by the Supreme Court in Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001). [2]

Stating that a child is less entitled to civil rights, or abides in a state of sin, due to the marital status of its parents, would today in the Western world be seen as highly controversial by even the most conservative people. Many religions view premarital or extramarital sexual intercourse as a sin, but they generally feel that any resultant child is not in any state of sin.

The proportion of children born outside marriage varies widely between countries. In Europe, figures range from 3% in Cyprus to 55% in Estonia. In Britain the rate is 42% (2004). The rate in Ireland is 31.4%, close to the European average of 31.6% [3].

History shows some striking examples of prominent persons of "illegitimate" birth. Often they seem to have been driven to excel in their fields of endeavor in part by a desire to overcome the social disadvantage that, in their time, attached to illegitimacy.

Today the word "bastard" remains:

a pejorative epithet (the masculine equivalent to "*****"). The word is, however, also often used without pejorative sense; in Australian English, it is sometimes called the "great Australian endearment" (e.g., "He's a lucky bastard"). Bastard Nation, an advocacy group for the rights of adopted children and adult adoptees, has attempted to "reclaim" the word "bastard" as a neutral or self-respecting term;
an acceptable adjective for describing odd-sized objects or parts, such as bolts with non-standard threads. There is a particular type of engineer's coarse file known in the trade as having a bastard cut, and referred to as a bastard.
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Parental responsibility
In the United Kingdom the notion of bastardy was effectively abolished by The Children Act 1989, which took force in 1991. It introduced the concept of parental responsibility, which ensures that a child may have a legal father even if the parents were not married. It was, however, not until December 2003, with the implementation of parts of The Adoption and Children Act 2002 [4], that parental responsibility was automatically granted to fathers of out-of-wedlock children, and even then only if the father's name appears on the birth certificate.

Recently, some people in the United States have taken to stigmatizing the parents, rather than the child, by labeling the parents as "Bastard Parents," because it is the parents who are ultimately responsible for the actions that caused an out-of-wedlock pregnancy. Cultural commentator and radio talk-show host Michael Medved advocates this stigmatization, especially in the case of "Celebrity Bastard Parents."

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Etymology of "bastard"
The word "bastard" is said to come from Old French for "child of a packsaddle", being formed from bast (modern bât) = "packsaddle": when muleteers stopped for the night and unpacked their mules, they used the packsaddles as beds, and sometimes a liaison with a local girl or woman would ensue and a child be conceived. The French suffix "-ard" and Italian suffix "-ardo", seen in words such as "coward", was formed in post-Roman times by extracting it from invading Germanic tribesmen's names that ended in -hard or -ward.

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List of notable persons born "illegitimate"
Leone Battista Alberti
Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Layne Beachley
Henry Cardinal Beaufort
Sarah Bernhardt
Cesare Borgia
Lucrezia Borgia
***** Brandt
Fidel Castro
50 Cent (Curtis James Jackson III)
Eric Clapton
Edward Gordon Craig
Bobby Darin
Eamon de Valera
Jean de Dunois
Desiderius Erasmus
Geiseric
Magda Goebbels
Alec Guinness
Alexander Hamilton
Keir Hardie
Alois Hitler (Adolf Hitler's father)
Eartha Kitt
T.E. Lawrence
Violette Leduc
Leonardo da Vinci
Joan Littlewood
Sophia Loren
Anni-Frid Lyngstad
Ramsay MacDonald
Imelda Marcos
Marilyn Monroe
Josh Peck
Eva Perón
Sir Carol Reed
Robert II of Scotland
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
Shaka
James Smithson
Henry Morton Stanley
Sir Richard Wallace
William the Conqueror

2006-08-06 03:02:31 · answer #1 · answered by Linda 7 · 1 0

It's very likely that there will be a peak in the number of humans in about 25 to 30 years at about 11 billion or so, and then it will drop. This drop has already started in some parts of the world, and the "underdeveloped" parts of the world are expected to start dropping in number after the world peak. The earth is capable of providing for all of these people. For now the biggest problem is to create the political environment were we can do a bit more sharing in the good things that mother earth has to offer, so all of these people can live a decent life.

2006-08-06 03:11:11 · answer #2 · answered by Caveman 4 · 0 0

There are vast parts of the world where no one lives. True, some parts of the world are growing faster than others. However as long as the parents are able to care for their children it is fine how many they have. After all there are lots of people with no children so it more or less evens out.

The main issue with overpopulation is children born in places like Africa where, in some regions, there is rampant poverty and hunger. In those regions the issue is lack of birth control

2006-08-06 03:04:42 · answer #3 · answered by Sir J 7 · 0 0

Because they are undereducated and do not use birth control... and are irresponsible... In the developed world, things are pretty bad in that aspect - negative population growth is very common... My country has a negative one... Soon the whole world will be populated by Arabs, Africans and Indians... So your question would be more relevant if you ask why a particular group or country has too big of a population birth rate... Cause there are places that just don't have it...

2006-08-06 03:04:44 · answer #4 · answered by kichka_2002 4 · 0 0

I beleive their are too many people in the world due to irrisponsible parents,mainly the fathers. Men are not born with nurturing skills and have to be taught these, for example how many little girls have dolls and learn to care for them ,change their diapers. We never buy our boys dolls to take care of. With the increase of single parents women are left to do the work of the mother and the father. As a sinlge parent I have to be both parents and bring home what little bacon I earn, and fry it up in the pan. I face burnout constantly but I still have to make sure the kids have their homework done, clean clothes, and happy. With so many roles parents fall victim to not being ableto teach needed life lesson. Oh well that's my soap box! As a sinlge parent and learned form my mistakesI chose to do what was right and get my tubes tied.

2006-08-06 03:08:09 · answer #5 · answered by nene 3 · 0 0

This happens not at every place. Those who have no other means of entertainment and have lots of free time are doing this. Those who are not having enough education do it. Then some religions do not allow family planning.This can be sorted out by properly educating the people.Religion leaders also must consider this issue and re frame the norms.Cost of bringing up a child in America is estimated at $200000/=.

2006-08-06 03:10:08 · answer #6 · answered by rjbendre 3 · 0 0

Other people may have other reasons but I have heard that in the east part of Turkey people still preserve their tribal cultures and it is still believed that the more children a family has,the more powerful n the more wealthy it is.I thought it is nonsense as more children means more expenses but they told me that they see their male children as a work power n female children good source of money cos when a man wants to marry a girl he has to give a certain amount of money to her family in some places.

2006-08-06 03:09:51 · answer #7 · answered by pinkturtlebursa 2 · 0 0

Absolutely right...thats why people predict that the world will have not enough food and resources to support the population...
Hate to say this but to maintain the balance, a couple should have just 2 children to keep the population at constant.

2006-08-06 03:11:25 · answer #8 · answered by Kuchiki.Byakuya 1 · 0 0

Actually people are having less children than they used to. Back in the day it was normal for people to have 13 and 15 kids. Now your lucky to see three siblings. I think they need to start having more. Everyone should be fruitful and multiple as much as they can handle it. But only if you can feed them without any assistance.

2006-08-06 03:04:04 · answer #9 · answered by GG 2 · 0 0

It's isn't so much that there are too many people in the world, it's where they are in relationship to the ability of the land and government to sustain and manage them respectively.

Every person on this earth could have enough to live healthy and happily if we all stopped believing in imaginary boundaries and allowing people govern whose only interest is increasing their self worth.

2006-08-06 03:04:21 · answer #10 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

There are not too many people in the world!

I'm fairly certain that the minute part of the world that-you think- you can claim as you own, does not entitle you to make that determination.

I think you forgot to type "Baa" at then end of your question.

2006-08-06 05:41:11 · answer #11 · answered by limendoz 5 · 0 0

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