when & where the first ATM was established?

Answer 1

It had to be in the very early 1970s, and there's a good chance it was in Columbus, Ohio. Two or three companies made 'em ... Diebold, which also made secure after-hours bank deposit machines, was one. A European manufactorer -- Siemans, I think, was another; and the third was either Honeywell or (more likely), NCR (National Cash Register).

Some bank vice president in Columbus was pushing online or automated banking very hard at the time. I seem to remember that he had some experimental machines installed for evaluation. There were big challenges in setting standards for the format of the mag stripe, and also in getting customers to trust the machines.

At that time I was working in Manhattan. Within a year or two after the Columbus project went live, Citibank installed six ATMs in secure midtown locations. This was also a pilot project. As best I remember, some locations were near 72nd & Broadway on the west side; 57th & 6th Avenue (or maybe Columbus Circle); somewhere near Rockefeller Center; 53rd & Third Ave.; and the one I used in Tudor City around 43rd or 44th Street near the U.N. Building.

Citibank would give you a "Citicard" if you asked for one. The ATMs were always inside a locked vestibule (a small, well-lighted room) that you could only enter by using your card. So they had double security, and everything was on film. Security was a big issue, because it was feared that people would withdraw money at night and then get robbed.

Citibank at that time was a real loner; they wanted to use their own proprietary mag stripe technology, and wouldn't go along with emerging industry standards.

Sometime later, Chemical Bank started their pilot project. They used machines made by IBM as I recall.

Chase Manhattan seemed to get into ATMs a bit later still. Chase and Citibank were locked in a credit card war, and Chase was concentrating on that. They were trying out merchant "point of sale" credit authorization terminals for use with their Master Charge (later Master Card).

For its part, Citibank (led by technology guru John Reed, later CEO) wanted its Citicard to do everything. But then it bought into (or bought) B of A's BankAmericard (later Visa), and still the battle over standards continued.

I don't know how the Columbus experiment turned out, but as we all know, the marketing effort to get customers accustomed to using ATMs eventually paid off. It's a lot cheaper for banks to buy ATM machines than to pay teller salaries.

Answer 2

ATM (automatic teller machine)

http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm check this site

http://www.research.ibm.com/about/past_history.shtml check this site

Answer 3

I bet in New York !