With over half the women in the United States choosing to breastfeed their infants these days (as opposed to twenty-five percent in the mid sixties), it is obvious that today the majority of women are aware of the many benefits of breastfeeding. When asked why they chose to nurse their baby, most mothers will mention the health advantages, as well as the special closeness they share with their baby. What many are not aware of are the many advantages not just to baby and mother, but to the entire family, as well as to society as a whole.
Advantages to baby include:
Human milk is biologically specific for human babies.Simply put, this means that each species of mammal makes a milk that is uniquely suited for its young. Cow’s milk is high in protein and minerals because baby calves are up and running within hours after birth &endash; rapid muscle and bone growth is necessary for their survival. In contrast, the human survival organ is the brain. Human milk is high in factors that promote brain growth. This means that children who were breastfed tend to score higher on IQ tests, due to the beneficial effects of human milk on neurodevelopment. As a side note: why not choose a mammal closer to humans to provide an artificial milk supplement for human infants &endash; a primate, perhaps? Can you imagine a gorilla sitting passively, attached to a milking machine like a cow? Not very likely, but kind of fun to think about.
Human milk contains enzymes, hormones, and immunoglobulins that simply can’t be duplicated in formula, although formula manufacturers keep trying. They advertise that their brand is “most like mother’s milk”, but even they agree that breastmilk is best. Look on the can of formula &endash; it says so right on the label. Since breastmilk is always raw and fresh, you don’t lose any of the nutrients that are destroyed in formula processing.
Breastmilk is living tissue that changes to meet your baby’s nutritional needs, and to protect him against disease. The fat content of human milk varies month to month, day to day, and even hour to hour. For example, the milk produced for a premature infant is higher in protein and calories than milk produced for a full-term infant, giving the tiny baby what he needs to catch up on growth. In cold climates, human milk contains more fat &endash; in warm climates, more water. If your baby is very hungry, he nurses more vigorously and receives more fatty hind milk. If he is just thirsty, he feeds more leisurely and receives a lower calorie milk. As he gets older, the fat content of the milk will gradually decrease because his growth will slow, and he will need fewer calories per pound of weight. Standards for formula are based on data about pooled human milk, so every serving of formula is the same. Human milk constantly adjusts during the whole time your baby is nursing.
Human milk also changes to protect your baby against germs. This is especially important during the first six months of life while his immature system is gradually building his own supply of germ fighting elements, or immunoglobulins. You provide these through your milk for as long as you breastfeed. If you or your baby are exposed to a germ, your milk begins producing antibodies which protect him from the same germs. The white cells in your milk produce a special protein which coats his intestines, preventing the passage of harmful germs from his intestinal tract into his bloodstream. The concentration of antibodies in your milk actually increases as your infant gets older and nurses less often, thus continuing to provide protection as long as you nurse.
Breastmilk contains antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antprotozoal factors as well as antibodies to many specific disease organisms. Breastfed babies have a lower incidence of infection, anemia, diarrhea, meningitis, diabetes, gastroenteritis, asthma, constipation, allergies, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, dental and speech problems, childhood cancer, pulmonary disease, cataracts, high cholesterol, and many more. Artificially fed babies are three to four times as likely as bottle-fed infants to suffer from ear infections and lower respiratory infections, and sixteen times more likely to be sick during the first two months of life.
Let’s not forget the importance of the emotional security and closeness to mother than nursing infants enjoy. Anyone who has ever seen a baby blissfully drifting off to sleep while nursing, or being comforted at the breast during periods of stress, knows that breastfeeding offers much more than nutritional and immunological advantages.. Breastfeeding ensures that the baby will have lots of physical contact with his mother &endash; there is no way to ‘prop’ a breast! Rather than making babies more dependent, studies have shown that nursing makes babies more independent as they grow up, since their needs have been met so effectively while they were infants.
Advantages to mother include:
Continuation of your natural reproductive cycle. Breastfeeding suppresses ovulation and delays the return of fertility. In mothers who exclusively breastfeed (no bottles, unrestricted nursing day and night, and no solids before six months), breastfeeding is about 95% - 98% effective as a birth control method. Most women will not have a period during this period of exclusive nursing, but will start their cycle again within a few months of introducing solids. World wide, breastfeeding is the most extensively used method of birth control. Most women in this country don’t practice this type of exclusive breastfeeding, so most will use another method . One of the nicest things about nursing is that you get to go for a while (usually months) without having a period.
Breastfeeding helps your body adjust to the many changes that occur after giving birth. As your baby nurses, two hormones are released &endash; oxytocin, which makes your uterus contract and return to its pre-pregnant state more quickly, minimizing blood loss, and prolaction, which helps you relax. Nursing uses up extra calories, and most mothers find that they lose weight faster (without dieting) than formula feeding moms.
Breastfeeding is easier than bottle-feeding. I once asked a young teenage mom why she chose to breastfeed, and without hesitating, she replied “because I’m lazy!”. Breastmilk is always ready, always the perfect temperature, and doesn’t need to be measured. There are no bottles to clean and transport, and no formula to keep cooled and then warmed. Night feedings are easier because all you have to do is tuck the baby in bed with you and nurse while you both drift off to sleep. Traveling is easier with a nursing baby &endash; so much less to carry. In emergencies (whether ice storms, tornadoes, or being stuck in traffic), breastmilk is always immediately available.
Breastfeeding your infant is satisfying emotionally. That’s not to say that you can’t bond with a bottle-fed infant, but there is a unique closeness between a mother and her nursing child. Nursing mothers tend to be very in tune with their baby’s needs, and that increases not only the baby’s security, but also the mother’s self confidence in her mothering ability. Being able to comfort a sick, fussy, or tired baby at the breast is one of the most satisfying things about breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding provides health benefits for you as well as your baby. There is a lower risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and osteoporosis in nursing mothers.
Advantages to the family:
Baby smells better. No, really, he does. His bowel movements and spit-up have a much less offensive odor. Dads especially like this.
Although dads sometimes feel left out of the whole breastfeeding process (especially during the early weeks of exclusive nursing), they really like the fact that they are saving tons of money. Formula costs average around $100.00 - $200.00 each month, (depending on the baby’s age and weight), and that’s assuming your baby isn’t allergic and can use the inexpensive stuff. Hypoallergenic formulas cost more. Add in the cost of doctor’s visits for ear infections, etc., and you can save a couple of thousand dollars during the baby’s first year.
When siblings see their baby brothers and sisters nursed, it provides a natural form of sex education. What could set a better example in a society so obsessed with breasts as sex objects than seeing your siblings mothered in such a beautiful, natural way?
With today’s hectic lifestyles, breastfeeding ‘forces’ you to take a break, sit down, and nurse. It’s almost as if nature provided a feeding system that encourages you to take care of yourself, even if you have a million other things you feel you ought to be doing. Relax and enjoy these precious moments, because babies grow up way too fast.
Advantages to society (this may seem like a stretch, but bear with me…)
Breastfeeding is good for the environment. Think about it…it involves no use of energy or packaging materials, and no animals, feed, or machinery.
Breastfeeding is good for employers. Since artificially fed infants are sick more often and for longer periods than breastfed babies, working mothers who don’t breastfeed miss more work. Corporate breastfeeding programs in the US resulted in a 27% decrease in absenteeism and a 36% decrease in health care costs. Working mothers who are supported in the workplace not only miss work less often to care for sick babies, but they tend to be more loyal employees.
The WIC program in the US spends twice a much per mother for formula as it does for food given to nursing mothers. If each WIC baby nursed for six months, the US government could save $450-$800 million in health and welfare costs.
Artificial feeding costs billions of dollars to governments, health care organizations, and families. In many countries, babies who aren’t breastfed run the risk of increased death rates from illness, diluted formula, and unsafe water. Choosing not to breastfeed is often a life or death decision in developing countries.
I hope this information has given you something to think about if you are trying to decide whether or not to breastfeed your baby. If you have already made your decision, then congratulations. The benefits far outweigh the disadvantages.
Personally, (and I am definitely not objective here because I have the six smartest, most beautiful and talented children on the face of the earth &endash; all breastfed, of course), if I had to choose one advantage of breastfeeding, it would be the way you feel the first time your baby pulls off the breast in the middle of nursing and grins at you with milk drooling out the corner of his mouth while milk sprays everywhere, and then eagerly goes back to finish the feeding. That’s a feeling that money just can’t buy.
Many mothers begin to think about becoming pregnant again during the first year of their infant's life. The mother who is breastfeeding one child and decides to have another may be faced with nursing more than two children at a time: tandem nursing.
Tandem nursing is the art of breastfeeding two children of different ages during the same time period. This doesn't always mean that you are physically nursing both children at the same time, although some women do.
Why Do It?
For moms who decide to tandem nurse, natural weaning is equally as important as breastfeeding a newborn.
"When a mother becomes pregnant while still nursing, she may feel that the first baby should be allowed to nurse as long as he still has the need," says Ann Calandro, RNC, IBCLC, a certified lactation consultant and former tandem-nursing mother from Waxhaw, N.C. "Nursing allows her the feeling of closure and completion of this relationship. She has to decide if she is going to nurse through the pregnancy. It is a very individual decision, which involves a lot of soul searching. The older child will still benefit nutritionally from the milk, although the amount will be decreased during the pregnancy."
Joan Kratz of Noblesville, Ind., made that "very personal decision" with passion. "Tandem nursing rated highly with me," she says. "It takes some practice, and the babies need to be fairly good at latching on, but the effort was definitely worth it for us."
It was more than just timesaving to feed both at the same time. "I liked the positive interacting the babies had with each other during those happy, peaceful moments," Kratz says.
As the mother of four children and a former member of La Leche League, Wanda LaGrave of Hobbs, N.M., considers herself an "old pro" at breastfeeding. Since the birth of her second child, tandem nursing has been a mainstay in her household. "The current nursling was not ready to wean when I became pregnant with the next, so [we] just nursed right through my pregnancy," she says. "I stopped producing milk at 12 weeks gestation, but it did not seem to bother any of the children. I began to produce colostrum at about 38 weeks gestation, and milk came in about three days after birth with almost all of the experiences."
What seemed to surprise LaGrave the most was how easy it was to slip into tandem nursing once the new baby was born. Her first-born child didn't nurse as often as his sibling, but LaGrave says he knew he was free to partake in the feeding while the new infant was breastfeeding.
The American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) New Mother's Guide to Breastfeeding, says that tandem nursing can in some cases ease your older child's adjustment to the new baby, address your own desire to maintain closeness with the older child and even make childcare easier in some cases, as both children are fed and comforted on the breast.
Two at a Time?
Do you feed them both at the same time or one at a time? Do they each take turns, nursing on their own schedule?
"Most women who choose to tandem nurse also choose to breastfeed each child individually," says Calandro. "Frequently, the older baby will nurse after the younger baby has eaten his fill. This way, the mother has the opportunity to spend a little unrestricted time with each child and give individual attention."
Calandro says that moms who choose to nurse both children at the same time find that sitting up on a bed or a sofa – where there is lots of room to spread out for the older child – works best. "She should arrange the baby in a comfortable position first, and then the more experienced nursling can snuggle in and find a cozy spot as well," she says. "Positioning is not usually a problem!"
La Grave discovered that it was easiest if the older child sat on her lap and leaned into the cradle of her arm while the baby rested his bottom and feet on the tummy of his sibling. "Once the baby got older, he would make a great game out of kicking his sibling," she says. "At that point, the best position was separately!"
For How Long?
How long do you continue to nurse two children? "As long as it feels comfortable," says Kratz. "If your feelings toward your older child's nursing needs are really becoming negative, definitely start weaning. It will be best for both of you."
LaGrave was somewhat relieved when her oldest child weaned himself at almost 4 years old. "My second child nursed the longest – he weaned when he was 4," she says. "He was 2 1/2 when his sister was born. Then I had to wean my third child when the next was only 6 months old, because the older child was drinking milk at a much faster rate, and I didn't have enough for the baby."
Now pregnant with her fourth child, LaGrave looks forward to the challenges and joys of another tandem nursing relationship. "I have worked outside the home with all of them, but with the middle two I was able to keep them with me until they were 2 years old," she says. "It is so nice to come home and sit down to nurse my children, so relaxing. I think it has helped the older child not to feel so displaced by the new baby, and it kept me close to both of them."
The decision to nurse two children at one time is a personal one. Keep in mind that tandem nursing will be less stressful if you are flexible with which child nurses first, on which breast and for how long. In time, tandem nursing will become as comfortable as breastfeeding just one baby.
"The main benefits are the psychological benefits to mother and child due to the comfort and closeness breastfeeding brings," says Calandro. "Breastfeeding has always been more than just food."
2006-08-02 17:26:08
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answer #7
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answered by neema s 5
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