diabetes and renal function?

Question

How are kidney function and the disease diabeties related?

Answer 1

As alerady explained, diabetes if not treated leads to futher complications which includes diabetic, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (nephropatia diabetica), also known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome and intercapillary glomerulonephritis, is a progressive kidney disease caused by angiopathy of capillaries in the kidney glomeruli. It is characterized by nodular glomerulosclerosis. symptoms of diabetic nephropathy It is due to longstanding diabetes mellitus, and is a prime cause for dialysis in many Western countries.






History

The syndromed was discovered by British physician Clifford Wilson (1906-1997) and Germany-born American physician Paul Kimmelstiel (1900-1970) and was published for the first time in 1936.



Epidemiology

The syndrome can be seen in patients with chronic diabetes (15 years or more after onset), so patients are usually of older age (between 50 and 70 years old). The disease is progressive and may cause death two or three years after the initial lesions. and is more frequent in women. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease in the United States. People with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at risk. The risk is higher if blood-glucose levels are poorly controlled. However, once nephropathy develops, the greatest rate of progression is seen in patients with poor control of their blood pressure.



Etiopathology

The earliest detectable change in the course of diabetic nephropathy is a thickening in the glomerulus. At this stage, the kidney may start allowing more albumin (plasma protein) than normal in the urine (albuminuria), and this can be detected by sensitive medical tests for albumin. This stage is called "microabuminuria". It can appear 5 to 10 years before other symptoms develop. As diabetic nephropathy progresses, increasing numbers of glomeruli are destroyed by nodular glomerulosclerosis. Now the amounts of albumin being excreted in the urine increases, and may be detected by ordinary urinalysis techniques. At this stage, a kidney biopsy clearly shows diabetic nephropathy.



Signs and symptoms

Kidney failure provoked pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy pathology diabetic nephropathy by glomerulosclerosis lead to fluid filtration deficits and other disorders of kidney function. There is an increase in blood pressure (hypertension) and of fluid retention in the body (edema). Other complications may be arteriosclerosis of the renal artery and proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome).

Throughout its early course, diabetic nephropathy has no symptoms. They develop in late stages and may be a result of excretion diabetes diabetic nephropathy of high amounts of protein in the urine or due to renal failure:


•edema: swelling, usually around the eyes in the mornings; later, general body swelling may result, such as swelling of the legs
•foamy appearance or excessive frothing of the urine
•unintentional weight gain (from fluid accumulation)
•anorexia (poor appetite)
•nausea and vomiting
•malaise (general ill feeling)
•fatigue
•headache
•frequent hiccups
•generalized itching

The first laboratory abnormality is a positive microalbuminuria diabetic nephropathy in cats test. Most often, the diagnosis is suspected when a routine urinalysis of a person with diabetes shows too much protein in the urine (proteinuria). The urinalysis may also show glucose in the urine, especially if blood glucose is poorly controlled. Serum creatinine and BUN may increase as kidney damage progresses.

A kidney biopsy confirms the diagnosis, although it is not always necessary if the case is straightforward, with a documented progression of proteinuria over time and presence of diabetic retinopathy on examination of the retina of the eyes.



Treatment

The goals of treatment are to slow the progression of kidney damage and control related complications. The main treatment, once proteinuria is established, is ACE inhibitor drugs, which usually reduces proteinuria levels and slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Many studies have shown that related drugs, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have a similar benefit. In fact, a combination may be best.

Blood-glucose diabetic nephropathy screening levels should be closely monitored and controlled. This may slow the progression of the disorder, especially in the very early ("microalbuminuria") stages. Medications to manage diabetes include oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections. As kidney failure progresses, less insulin is excreted, so smaller doses may be needed to control glucose levels.

The diet may be modified to help control blood-sugar levels.

High blood pressure should be aggressively treated with antihypertensive medications, in order to reduce the risks of kidney, eye, and blood vessel damage in the body. Therefore, it is the most effective way of slowing damage from diabetic nephropathy. It is also very important to control lipid levels, maintain a healthy weight, and engage in regular physical activity.


Urinary tract and other infections are common and can be treated with appropriate antibiotics.

Dialysis may be necessary once end-stage renal disease develops. At this stage, a kidney transplantation must be considered. Another option for type 1 diabetes patients is a combined kidney-pancreas transplant.



Prognosis

Diabetic nephropathy continues to get gradually worse. Complications of chronic kidney failure are more likely to occur earlier, and progress more rapidly, when it is caused by diabetes than other causes. Even after initiation of dialysis or after transplantation, people with diabetes tend to do worse than those without diabetes.

Answer 2

1

Answer 3

2

Answer 4

3

Answer 5

They are related because diabetes can cause diabetic nephropathy, meaning that kidney gets damaged. The glomeruli (millions of masses of capillary vessels and the filters of the kidney) are affected by too much sugar, letting proteins go away for a start. When microalbuminuria is detected, measures have to be taken right away.

Answer 6

Diabetes is hard on the kidneys because when you don't process sugsrs correctly there are products that have to be gotten rid of by the kidneys. When you check your urine for sugar you are checking for sugar that your body could not process. Ketones are also produced. You are very thirsty because of the high sugar making more for the kidneys to process.You need a high protein diet, which is more for the kidneys. It is a disease that effects kidney health and function.

Answer 7

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Answer 8

When a person eats something that your body converts to sugar it is supposed to be broken down by insulin. A diabetic person does not make enough insulin to break it down so it stays as glucose in your blood. When you get a high concentration of glucose in your blood, your kidneys cant filter the glucose out but your body needs to get rid of glucose so you excrete it through urine. A lot of glucose causes an imbalance in your body and it gets rid of it so your body will be back in balance.

Answer 9

My Doctor Told Me the depressing news - "Your Kidneys Are FAILING!"

My worsening kidney disease symptoms included:
- Nausea and vomiting and constant stomach upset
- Passing only small amounts of urine and stopping and starting while urinating
- Swelling in my ankles and lower legs
- Puffiness around my eyes with brain fog and moodiness
- Chronic fatigue and shortness of breath when exerting myself
- Loss of appetite and not wanting to eat at all
- Increasingly higher blood pressure
- Bouts of anxiety and depression
- Muscle cramps which were worse in my legs

That a friend of mine sent me a link to a website (http://NatureHomeCure.com) that helped his Mother. She was just like me, and was suffering with failing kidneys and experienced the same worries and fears I was going through. All I could do was try it and see if it worked.

Here's where the story gets a little strange. Two months later, Instead of my kidneys sliding down the slippery slope of kidney failure and getting progressively worse, they started to get better.

My Doctor could not believe how much improved my kidney function output had increased and my GFR was UP and creatinine levels lower. My kidneys were starting to work again, and removing all the toxins in my body. I got my life back!

Now, I am using this 100% all natural protocol which restored my kidney function and did it naturally, without the use of unnatural man-made pharmaceutical drugs or dialysis. In less than two months my kidneys were on the mend. Now six months later, My kidney's are back to normal again.

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Answer 10

5

Answer 11

4