What were the main events and immediate outcomes of the Balkan conflict of 1912-13?

Answer 1

"The wars were an important precursor to World War I, to the extent that Austria-Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbia's territory and regional status. This concern was shared by Germany, which saw Serbia as a satellite of Russia. Serbia's rise in power thus contributed to the two Central Powers' willingness to risk war following the assassination in Sarajevo of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914.

Then the Austro-Hungarian Army had aq 3-year struggle to annex Serbia and Montenegro. This was accomplished when Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria joined the central powers along with Germany.

Urlanis estimated in Voini I Narodo-Nacelenie Europi (1960) that in the first and second Balkan war there were 122,000 killed in action, 20,000 dead of wounds, and 82,000 dead of disease."

Answer 2

Collapse due to economic failure: The Revolutions of 1989 and the general unrest which preceded them during the 1980s have been interpreted as outgrowths of the economic failure of Communism. During the 1970s, the Eastern European Communist states pursued high-risk development strategies that relied on foreign loans to pay for construction of modernized economies. When oil prices rose in 1973 and 1979 and slowed the world economy, the Communist Bloc states could no longer make payments on their debts, and this led to a loss of credit and internal economic problems from which they never recovered.
Collapse due to the arms race: The end of Soviet Communism has also been explained as a result of an economic crisis in which American military pressure and the costs of the arms race were the most important causes. Under Presidents Carter, Reagan and Bush the United States forced the Soviets to spend so much money on high-tech weapons that the Communist economy was bankrupted when too many resources had to be diverted away from productive investments and consumer needs.
Collapse due to "perestroika" in the Soviet Union: Another explanation points to the Soviet Union and emphasizes the "perestroika" politics of Mikhail Gorbachev, without which revolutionary change in Eastern Europe would have remained impossible. Gorbachev did two things: he sanctioned an unprecedented degree of change in the Communist world and he made it clear that the Brezhnev Doctrine of 1968 was no longer in force. Once it was clear that the Soviet Union would no longer intervene in the affairs of its neighbors, Eastern Europeans were able to address their own local needs in their own way.
Collapse due to the rise of alternatives to Communism: An approach that looks for explanations within Eastern Europe, rather than from the outside, argues that economic failure and the loss of Russian Communist pressure still do not explain the specific events and outcomes of the East European and Balkan Revolutions of 1989. The entrenched Communist leadership might have retained power on their own, except for the growth of alternatives to which the various nations could turn to redefine their societies. Because this view uncovers very different developments in the various states, therefore it also explains why the revolutions had such very different outcomes in various parts of the Bloc. In Poland and Czechoslovakia, for example, alternatives included the so-called "civil society" movement and created local leaders like Poland's Lech Walesa and Czechoslovakia's Vaclav Havel, who stood up to authoritarian rule in the late '70s and early '80s to demand political pluralism and individual freedom. At the same time, states like the former Yugoslav republics followed a contrasting path in which the most successful alternatives involved nationalist figures who reintroduced familiar Balkan political themes.
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Answer 3

Spanish Civil conflict (1936 - 39) caused with suggestions from a protection rigidity insurrection led with suggestions from favourite Franco adversarial to the Republican authorities. Inferior protection rigidity ability delivered about the slow defeat of the Republicans with suggestions from 1939, and the institution of Franco's dictatorship. Franco's insurgents (Nationalists, who were supported with suggestions from fascist Italy and Nazi Germany) seized ability in the south and northwest, yet were suppressed in factors consisting of Madrid and Barcelona with suggestions from the staff' military. The loyalists (Republicans) were aided with suggestions from the U.S. and the volunteers of the international Brigade, which coated countless writers, between them George Orwell