what is a monoclonal band?

Question

medical term

Answer 1

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Definition: A paraprotein is a monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin light chain in the blood or urine resulting from a clonal proliferation of plasma cells or B-lymphocytes (synonyms: M-band, monoclonal band, monoclonal spike, monoclonal protein). It may consist of whole immunoglobulin, or only the light chain: in the latter case, most or all of the paraprotein is in the urine, because of the low molecular weight.


Detection: Serum or urine protein electrophoresis will detect the presence of a band (the M-band), as all the immunoglobulin molecules have the same mobility. When the gel is scanned by a densitometer, a 'spike' (the M-spike) appears. Always look in the urine as well as the serum, otherwise you may miss a paraprotein which consists of light-chain alone. Immunoglobulin light chain in the urine is sometimes known as 'Bence-Jones' protein (Henry Bence Jones - a 19th century British physician). Immunofixation is a technique is used to determine what type of immunoglobulin is contained in an M-band.


Diseases: several diseases are associated with the presence of a paraprotein. These three are the most important

1. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance (MGUS)

2. Multiple Myeloma

3. Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

Answer 2

Monoclonal Band

Answer 3

1

Answer 4

Oligoclonal bands are about two to five bands of immunoglobulins on protein electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood plasma. Each band is understood to represent protein secreted by plasma cells, though why exactly these bands are shown and what proteins (or its fragments) these bands represent has not yet been elucidated.

For the CSF analysis, a patient has a lumbar puncture performed, which removes some of their cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is then analysed by a method called protein electrophoresis. As a result of this analysis, one possible result is that about two to five bands of immunoglobulins, known as oligoclonal bands, are evident.

The presence of oligoclonal bands in spinal fluid often indicates a disease of the central nervous system if the bands are not also found in blood serum. The presence of one band (a monoclonal band) is not considered serious and may simply be normal. More bands may reflect pathology. The bands usually disappear from the spinal fluid as a person recovers from the neurological disease.

Approximately 79%-90% of all patients with multiple sclerosis have these bands. For those who possibly have the disease, these bands are an important indicator. The bands are permanent in these patients.

Oligoclonal bands are also found in:

Systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurosarcoidosis
SSPE
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Syphilis
CNS Lymphoma

Answer 5

Intrathecal oligoclonal band synthesis occurs in 95% of patients with clinically definite MS but may also occur in the context of CNS infection and other inflammatory conditions. By contrast, the significance of an intrathecal synthesis of a monoclonal band remains uncertain. Previously, an association between a single intrathecal band and CNS lymphoma has been reported but a relationship has also been shown with diagnoses more usually associated with an oligoclonal pattern. At present, it is not known whether a single band will convert to an oligoclonal response with time.

Answer 6

A monoclonal band is an abnormal protien band found in gammaglobulin and is significantly present in several disease processes.

Answer 7

Not sure But a Monoclonal antibody is a specific antibody produced in the laboratory by fusing genetically distinct cells and cloning resulting hybrids to produce the same antibody that detect subtle changes in the nervous system

Answer 8

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what is a monoclonal band?
medical term

Answer 9

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