what are the dependent and independent nursing management in ABO incompatibility?

Answer 1

The nurse is WRONG. Some of the info is close but not correct. You can give type O blood to a patient more than once. Especially if it is O NEG. O POS may be given to an RH NEG person during one episode. An ABO incompatibility would occur if you gave A blood to B or O patient, B blood to A or O patient, or AB blood to A or B or O patient. An O person can only get O blood because they have Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-A,B in their blood. An A person has Anti-B, The B person has Anti-A. The AB patient can be given any type of blood since they do not have ABO antibodies (lucky for them!).

To answer your question: To manage a patient that is suffering from a HTR (Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction) after being give ABO incompatible blood the problem is to try to prevent RENAL FAILURE AND DIC. Furosimide, mannitol, and sometimes heparin are given. Sometimes dialysis or therapeutic plasma pheresis required. CBC, renal profiles, coag testing, LDH and Haptoglobin is used to monitor the patient. A Hematologist (a blood disorder specialist) and Pathologist are usually consulted to manage the patient.
It is also important to determine immediately how the error occurred - if a wrong unit was given to one patient there is a possibility that another patient is also involved. The Blood Bank department should be intimately involved in the treatment and followup of an event like this. Also - this kind of error must be reported to the FDA!

I would like to add what signs and symptoms to look for when you are transfusing blood: elevated temperature, chills, back pain, pain in arm with IV, chest pain, feeling of doom, blood in the urine, - The most common symptom of a hemolytic transfusion reaction is fever - so that is why the temperature must be taken before starting unit - at 10-15 minutes and when done.

What to do when symptoms appear but you don't know if it is a hemolytic transfusion reaction or not? 1. stop unit 2. call doctor 3. call blood bank 4. obtain blood sample 5. send blood sample, blood bag, tubing, and urinalysis sample to blood bank lab. hope this helps you.

Answer 2

ABOof course, for those who don't know, is the most important of several systems for calssigying blood based on the antigenic components of the red blood cells. The ABO group is identified by the presence or absence of 2 different antigens. A or b, on the surface of the erythrocyte, (RED BLOOD CELLS) A.B,AB.O are determined by and named for these antigens. Type AB indicates the presents of both antigens; type O has the absence of both. Normally, type O is considered the universal donor because it can be given to any blood type in an emergancy. However it can only be given once because of the absence of the antigens. But once the immune system recognizes the type O, it will reject another transfusion in a defense mode. Blood typing is extremely important in all circumstances. In the RH- mother who has given birth to an RH+ child, must recieve Rogam withing 24-48 hours after birth. If this is not done, the child;s blood can mix with the mother's during birth and cause dire consequences. My daughter was RH- and her child was RH+.Other than the O being given once, the patient must be carefully monitored at all times when receiving a transfusion. In nursing it is imperative to read and re read the IV bag before administering, check for expiration date. this is very important also. You also must be aware if the patient has been exposed to hepititis. It should be carefully labeled if the patient has been exposed. Even though a patient may tell you what his blood type is, blood test must be taken, especially with a confused patient. You don't want to give the wrong blood on the patient's word. Type and cross match at all times. Even if the patient has been exposed to hepatitis, he must not recieve the blood marked with hepatitis. Ususlly that is for the donor for surgury and the blood is taken in pre-op. I hoped this has helped you. If not, I don't know what else to say,