Check:
http://www.quiet.org/faq.htm and http://www.nonoise.org/
There you would find all the information you need with extensive online noise related resources
Some articles in http://www.ehponline.org/topic/noisepol.html
2006-07-02 00:05:10
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answer #2
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answered by gospieler 7
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Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the environment. The dominant form of noise pollution is from transportation sources, principally motor vehicles, aircraft noise and rail transport noise. Other diverse sources are factories, amplified music, air-conditioners, and construction work. Noise regulation by governmental agencies effectively began in the U.S. in the year 1972 with passage of the Federal Noise Control Act. Noise pollution refers to any offending noise which comes from an external source, and it is equivalently referred to as environmental noise. The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea meaning seasickness.
Sources of noise
Main articles: Roadway noise, Aircraft noise
The overarching cause of most noise worldwide is generated by transportation systems, principally motor vehicle noise, but also including aircraft noise and rail noise. Hybrid vehicles for road use are the first widely sold automobiles in 100 years to achieve significant noise source reduction. Poor urban planning may also give rise to noise pollution, since juxtaposition of industrial to residential land uses, for example, often results in adverse consequences for the residential acoustic environment.
Besides transportation noise, other prominent sources are office equipment, factory machinery, appliances, power tools, lighting hum and audio entertainment systems. With the popularity of digital audio player devices, individuals in a noisy area might increase the volume in order to drown out ambient sounds. Construction equipment also produces noise pollution.
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Human health
Main article: Noise health effects
Principal noise health effects are both health and behavioral in nature. The following discussion refers to sound levels that would be present within 30 to 150 meters from a moderately busy highway.
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Hearing
The mechanism for chronic exposure to noise leading to hearing loss is well established. The elevated sound levels cause trauma to the cochlear structure in the inner ear, which gives rise to irreversible hearing loss. The pinna (visible portion of the human ear) combined with the middle ear amplifies sound levels by a factor of 20 when sound reaches the inner ear. In Rosen's seminal work on serious health effects regarding hearing loss and coronary artery disease, one of his findings derived from tracking Maaban tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise. This population was systematically compared by cohort group to a typical U.S. population. The findings proved that aging is an almost insignificant cause of hearing loss, which instead is associated with chronic exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise.
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Cardiovascular health
High noise levels can contribute to Cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high (e.g. above 70 dBA) during a single eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten mmHg; a clear and measurable increase in stress [1]; and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above as well as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease.
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Annoyance
Though it pales in comparison to the health effects noted above, noise pollution constitutes a significant factor of annoyance and distraction in modern artificial environments:
The meaning listeners attribute to the sound influences annoyance, so that, if listeners dislike the noise content, they are annoyed.
If the sound causes activity interference, noise is more likely to annoy (for example, sleep disturbance)
If listeners feel they can control the noise source, the less likely the noise will be annoying.
If listeners believe that the noise is subject to third party control, including police, but control has failed, they are more annoyed.
The inherent unpleasantness of the sound causes annoyance. What is music to one is noise to another.
2006-07-02 00:01:56
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answer #3
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answered by aashya jha 3
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