anyone know about Craniosynostosis ?

Question

my grandson had crainoplasty surgery 13 months ago because of Craniosynostosis .He has now devloped a soft spot on top of his head that wasn't there 5 days ago.What could of caused this?

Answer 1

Craniosynostosis is a medical condition in which some or all of the sutures in the skull of an infant close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth. It can result in craniostenosis, which is the skull deformity caused by the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Also intracranial pressure can be increased.

Contents [hide]
1 Normal skull development
2 Pathophysiology
3 Treatment
4 Epidemiology
5 External links
6 See also



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Normal skull development
In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 28 bones. The flat bones making up the cranial vault are joined together by sutures: rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

At birth, the human skull is made up of 45 separate bony elements. As growth occurs, many of these bony elements gradually fuse together into solid bone (for example, the frontal bones).

The bones of the roof of the skull are initially separated by regions of dense connective tissue. At birth these regions are fibrous and moveable, necessary for birth and later growth. Larger regions of connective tissue, called fontanelles, occur where certain bony elements meet. As growth and ossification progress, the connective tissue of the fontanelles is invaded and replaced by bone. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks, but the anterior fontanelle can remain up to eighteen months.

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Pathophysiology
When one or more sutures fuse prematurely, skull growth can be restricted perpendicular to the suture. If multiple sutures fuse while the brain is still increasing in size, intracranial pressure can increase.

Primary craniosynostosis is believed to be a result of primary defect in the mesenchymal layer ossification in the cranial bones. Secondary craniosynostosis is a result of primary failure of brain growth.


A child wearing a cranial band.[edit]
Treatment
Surgery is typically used to separate the fused sutures of the skull as well as to reshape the skull. Without surgery, blindness and mental retardation is a typical outcome. To treat the cosmetic troubles, a combination of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery can be used to relieve some of the midface deficiency.

Typical surgery begins with a zigzag incision from ear to ear across the top of the head. The scar left by this type of incision makes the hair look more natural than that left by a straight incision would. Raney clips are typically used to curtail bleeding, as cauterization would not result in an aesthetically pleasing result upon healing. Once the scalp is peeled back, pilot holes are drilled through the skull. These pilot holes are then connected, separating the skull into several pieces. Once reshaped, these pieces are placed back on the head (typically in an altered configuration) and held together by a combination of dissolving sutures, plates, and screws. These plates and screws are typically composed of a copolymer comprised of polyglycolic and polylactic acid and will break down into water and carbon dioxide within a year. Demineralized bone matrix or bone morphogenetic proteins are often used to fill gaps left by the expanded skull, encouraging the body to grow new bone in a process called intramembranous ossification. Once the Raney clips are removed, dissolving sutures are again used to close the incision.

hope this helps you out *****

Answer 2

NINDS Craniosynostosis Information Page

Answer 3

Craniosynostosis consists of premature fusion of 1 or more cranial sutures, often resulting in an abnormal head shape. It may result from a primary defect of ossification (primary craniosynostosis) or, more commonly, from a failure of brain growth (secondary craniosynostosis). Simple craniosynostosis is a term used when only 1 suture fuses prematurely. Complex or compound craniosynostosis is used to describe premature fusion of multiple sutures. When children with craniosynostosis, usually complex, also display other body deformities, this is termed syndromic craniosynostosis.

Answer 4

Of the more than 150 craniosynostosis syndromes, Crouzon's disease and Apert's syndrome account for the majority of cases but knowing the specific cranial deformity you're concerned about would help. There's primary craniosynostosis and this includes: Simple, Nonsyndromic: sagittal, coronal, metopic, lambdoid, Compound, Nonsyndromic: bicoronal, Syndromic: Crouzon's disease, Apert's syndrome, Pfeiffer's disease and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome Secondary craniosynstosis includes cause due to metabolic disorders (like hyperthyroidism), malformations (like holoprosencephaly, microcephaly, shunted hydrocephalus, encephalocele) and exposure of fetus (to meds like valproic acid, phenytoin), Mucopolysaccharidosis (like Hurler's syndrome or Morquio's syndrome). So whether or not a child of yours would have it depends greatly on what the cause is. Some general info about this: Craniosynostosis occurs in one out of 2,000 live births and affects males twice as often as females. It's most often sporadic and occurs by chance. In some families, craniosynostosis is inherited in one of two ways: autosomal recessive - Autosomal recessive means that two copies of the gene are necessary to express the condition, one inherited from each parent, who are carriers. Carrier parents have a one in four, or 25 percent, chance with each pregnancy, to have a child with craniosynostosis. Males and females are equally affected. And by autosomal dominant - Autosomal dominant means that one gene is necessary to express the condition, and the gene is passed from parent to child with a 50/50 risk for each pregnancy. Males and females are equally affected. Now if you and your boyfriend married or became serious about starting a family, I'd refer you both to genetic counseling.

Answer 5

Do some research on line.... if you'd like... but the best possible thing to do is ask your doctor that's what he/she is there for