The ridges of a fingerprint form before birth and, except for scarring, do not change during a person’s lifetime. No two individuals, even identical twins, have the same prints.
No two fingerprints are identical, nor do fingerprints change as one gets older. Not even identical twins have the same prints. The prints are fully formed by the fourth month of pregnancy and will not change throughout the child’s life.
Do your fingerprints change?
Before birth until decomposition sets in after death, barring injury, our fingerprints, palm prints and foot prints do not change
From Fingerprints to Palm Prints
Police departments are now using palm prints as means of identifying offenders.
All of a person's "friction ridged skin" is distinctively patterned: soles, palms and even the writer's palm, as the outer side of the hand is called. Surveys of law enforcement agencies indicate that at least 30 percent of the prints lifted from crime scenes ? from knife hilts, gun grips, steering wheels and window panes ? are of palms, not fingers.
30 police agencies around the country now have palm databases.
Beginning next month, the [New York City] department will be able to do computerized matches of the 100,000 palm prints it has already collected. As the database grows, it will become one of the largest of its kind.
Defense lawyers are dubious about the new "science."
Using palm prints for identification concerns some defense lawyers, who point out that the reliability of fingerprint matching has come into question in the courts in recent years, and that there is even less data available on palm prints.
...Some defense lawyers raise the same objections to palm print identifications as they have to fingerprints. "The criminal courtroom is no place to experiment with a scientific method that may incriminate someone," said Steven D. Benjamin, the co-chairman of the forensic evidence committee of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
The FBI says the technique is as reliable as that for fingerprints, and in a few years, they probably will be adding footprints.
Palm Prints May Finger Crooks
A new biometric crime-solving technology could help police solve thousands more crimes per year.
NEC Technologies of Itasca, Illinois, on Monday announced the launch of its Automated Palmprint Identification System (APIS), which enables law enforcement agencies to efficiently automate palm print databases.
APIS captures the palm's three core areas and converts them into data for storage in a database. When criminal suspects are arrested, their palms will be scanned as well as their fingerprints.
At crime scenes, police will lift palm prints to later be scanned and entered into a database for matching. NEC's high-speed palm print matching processor will provide ranked lists of match candidates from the databases.
A palm print lifted at a crime scene will be scanned and entered into the database to be matched. NEC's high-speed palm print matching processor will return a ranked list of match candidates.
Although palm prints make up 30 percent of the prints taken from crime scenes, palm prints have been of marginal use to investigators.
"The only way we were able to use palm prints was if someone gave us a name to do a comparison, like in the old days before the fingerprint computers," said Michael Gaynor, an investigator for the San Francisco Police Department, which has been testing the technology for the past year and a half.
"We're now identifying people from about 25 percent of our scenes. I expect to bump up that up to 35 percent," Gaynor said.
The San Francisco Police Department has developed a database of about 30,000 palm prints using NEC technology. And an independent organization of law enforcement agencies called AFIS Internet recently used the database to test the system.
APIS successfully ranked 57 out of 80 palm prints as the number one potential match. The system ranked the matching print as the number one, two, or three match 99 percent of the time.
"That's as accurate as the fingerprint identification system we've been using since 1984," Gaynor said.
NEC will demonstrate the system this week at the 106th annual International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) conference in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The San Francisco Police Department plans to purchase a system by early next year, and have it installed by 2001.
The APIS system will cost anywhere from US$1 million to $20 million, depending on the size of the database, which can range in size from 250,000 prints to 10 million, said Tony Doonan, director of sales and marketing at NEC. The price also depends up how often the user wants to access the database, and how fast the system is.
NEC Technologies also makes a widely-used Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) technology, which is based on the same algorithm as APIS, and has been revolutionary in police investigation.
The palm printing system is now available as a stand-alone system and will also be integrated with NEC's AFIS system in the future.
"One of the big developments that took place this year was enabling real-time access to the National Crime Information Center records based on fingerprint identification," said Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center.
Soon, local and state law enforcers will be able to use AFIS to search NCIC fingerprint databases at the site of an arrest, and if no match is made, they can access FBI records.
"We will follow a set of national standards [for appropriate use of the data] being developed by the FBI and the National Institute of Standards and Technology," Doonan said.
He said that the FBI currently has no plans to use the palm printing technology.
But Rotenberg worries that adding palm prints to the system of personal data collection could proliferate inappropriate its misuse.
"It's a double edged sword," Rotenberg said. "Certainly technology for identification can be useful, but we need to be careful that [technologies] don't become so attractive that you put them in places where they would not be appropriate."
"One of the cons of this is that now for a routine traffic stop, the police officer will say: License, registration, and fingerprint, please," Rotenberg said. "What's happening is law enforcement is using a new technology that will enable them to do a real-time match."
It may be appropriate to gain banking information with some kind of print, Rotenberg said.
"But when entering a federal office building, it's not at all clear to me today that there should be a request that people put out a thumb print to get access."
2006-06-21 01:14:48
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answer #1
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answered by allyally14 3
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