what are the characterisitics of microorganisms present in water trerament plants before and after treament?

Answer 1

A paper writen by Karen Manci, Ohio State Univ, College of Food and Evironmental Sciences is helpful:

Wastewater Treatment Principles and Regulations
AEX-768-96

Sewage is the wastewater released by residences, businesses and industries in a community. It is 99.94 percent water, with only 0.06 percent of the wastewater dissolved and suspended solid material. The cloudiness of sewage is caused by suspended particles which in untreated sewage ranges from 100 to 350 mg/l. A measure of the strength of the wastewater is biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD5. The BOD5 measures the amount of oxygen microorganisms require in five days to break down sewage. Untreated sewage has a BOD5 ranging from 100 mg/l to 300 mg/l. Pathogens or disease-causing organisms are present in sewage. Coliform bacteria are used as an indicator of disease-causing organisms. Sewage also contains nutrients (such as ammonia and phosphorus), minerals, and metals. Ammonia can range from 12 to 50 mg/l and phosphorus can range from 6 to 20 mg/l in untreated sewage.

Sewage treatment is a multi-stage process to renovate wastewater before it reenters a body of water, is applied to the land or is reused. The goal is to reduce or remove organic matter, solids, nutrients, disease-causing organisms and other pollutants from wastewater. Each receiving body of water has limits to the amount of pollutants it can receive without degradation. Therefore, each sewage treatment plant must hold a permit listing the allowable levels of BOD5, suspended solids, coliform bacteria and other pollutants. The discharge permits are called NPDES permits which stands for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.

Preliminary Treatment
Preliminary treatment to screen out, grind up, or separate debris is the first step in wastewater treatment. Sticks, rags, large food particles, sand, gravel, toys, etc., are removed at this stage to protect the pumping and other equipment in the treatment plant. Treatment equipment such as bar screens, comminutors (a large version of a garbage disposal), and grit chambers are used as the wastewater first enters a treatment plant. The collected debris is usually disposed of in a landfill.

Primary Treatment
Primary treatment is the second step in treatment and separates suspended solids and greases from wastewater. Waste-water is held in a quiet tank for several hours allowing the particles to settle to the bottom and the greases to float to the top. The solids drawn off the bottom and skimmed off the top receive further treatment as sludge. The clarified wastewater flows on to the next stage of wastewater treatment. Clarifiers and septic tanks are usually used to provide primary treatment.

Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment is a biological treatment process to remove dissolved organic matter from wastewater. Sewage microorganisms are cultivated and added to the wastewater. The microorganisms absorb organic matter from sewage as their food supply. Three approaches are used to accomplish secondary treatment; fixed film, suspended film and lagoon systems.
Fixed Film Systems
Fixed film systems grow microorganisms on substrates such as rocks, sand or plastic. The wastewater is spread over the substrate, allowing the wastewater to flow past the film of microorganisms fixed to the substrate. As organic matter and nutrients are absorbed from the wastewater, the film of microorganisms grows and thickens. Trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, and sand filters are examples of fixed film systems.

Suspended Film Systems
Suspended film systems stir and suspend microorganisms in wastewater. As the microorganisms absorb organic matter and nutrients from the wastewater they grow in size and number. After the microorganisms have been suspended in the wastewater for several hours, they are settled out as a sludge. Some of the sludge is pumped back into the incoming wastewater to provide "seed" microorganisms. The remainder is wasted and sent on to a sludge treatment process. Activated sludge, extended aeration, oxidation ditch, and sequential batch reactor systems are all examples of suspended film systems.

Lagoon Systems
Lagoon systems are shallow basins which hold the waste-water for several months to allow for the natural degradation of sewage. These systems take advantage of natural aeration and microorganisms in the wastewater to renovate sewage.

Final Treatment
Final treatment focuses on removal of disease-causing organisms from wastewater. Treated wastewater can be disinfected by adding chlorine or by using ultraviolet light. High levels of chlorine may be harmful to aquatic life in receiving streams. Treatment systems often add a chlorine-neutralizing chemical to the treated wastewater before stream discharge.

Answer 2

You can have a variety of micro organisms present in your source of water. It can be almost anything that is in a water source, and it depends on a lot, where you get your water source.

Streams and rivers, can have sewage, and industrial waste and thus a lot of macro organisms, and mircro organisms.

(I wish I could give you a better answer, but, it all depends on your water source).

Afterwards, you should have almost all microorganisms dead, with the injection of cl2 in the water, (chlorine).

I wish you well..

Jesse

Answer 3

First determine this is a real Cactus and not a succulent alongside with Haworthia, Aloe or Lithops (stone plant) – additionally Euphorbia to call purely some. Succulents will require extra interest and now and back specialized care - person genera has particular standards or maybe then some species interior the genera will require version. additionally substantial it to envision the soil this is planted in - For Cacti it must be rapid draining and it has to maintain a humid environment interior the muse zone this is purely perfect (extra useful shorter than longer) on your room/area this is saved in. If outdoors – determine this is in a pot/area the place moisture would nicely be controlled, positioning it in a Rain-shadow in finished or partial sunlight. shape the soil medium to make particular very stable and rapid drainage. many times talking - permit it dry out thoroughly between each watering. Too complicated to assert how oftentimes because of the fact the microclimate of the gap you preserve it in would impact the fee of transpiration, and the soil drying out by way of evaporation. additionally quantity of direct sunlight it gets would impact it too. Take care to offer it stable easy as they needless to say ensue in arid landscapes and deserts. supply up watering altogether in mid to previous due autumn. start up watering back in previous due spring, early summer season. (the quantity of sunlight and ambient temperature dictates - if we've a repeat warm spring because of the fact the united kingdom experienced this 365 days, this is beneficial to start in the previous. If someplace else interior the international - you will desire to choose the seasons subsequently) First watering after this wintry climate "fasting" would desire to be little or no as too plenty would reason root and or crown rot. word that the plant will seem to "cut back" in the time of it rather is wintry climate fasting. this would be reversed at resuming of watering interior the hot season. I advise spraying the plant and soil with a superb mist to get purely the right 10-20mm moist. Wait till it dry out and shop on with up with an identical spay yet this time to realize moist soil to double the 1st intensity performed. 0.33 watering as general and then shop on with the ordinary of the previous 365 days. be careful of over watering, watchful for root rot and if saved indoors - there are some bugs and different illnesses to observe out for too - yet many times - they thrive on minimum interest whilst in comparison with different flora. supply them the appropriate circumstances and that they are going to thrive.

Answer 4

E-coli and water borne disease are not removed during treatment