The introduction of chapters and verses
Main article: Chapters and verses of the Bible; see Tanakh for the Jewish textual tradition.
The Hebrew Masoretic text contains verse endings as an important feature. According to the Talmudic tradition, the verse endings are of ancient origin. The Masoretic textual tradition also contains section endings called parashiyot, which are indicated by a space within a line (a "closed" section") or a new line beginning (an "open" section). The division of the text reflected in the parashiyot is usually thematic. The parashiyot are not numbered.
In early manuscripts (most importantly in Tiberian Masoretic manuscripts, such as the Aleppo codex) an "open" section may also be represented by a blank line, and a "closed" section by a new line that is slightly indented (the preceding line may also not be full). These latter conventions are no longer used in Torah scrolls and printed Hebrew Bibles. In this system the one rule differentiating "open" and "closed" sections is that "open" sections must always begin at the beginning of a new line, while "closed" sections never start at the beginning of a new line.
Another related feature of the Masoretic text is the division of the sedarim. This division is not thematic, but is almost entirely based upon the quantity of text.
The Byzantines also introduced a chapter division of sorts, called Kephalaia. It is not identical to the present chapters.
The current division of the Bible into chapters and the verse numbers within the chapters have no basis in any ancient textual tradition. Rather, they are medieval Christian inventions. They were later adopted by many Jews as well, as technical references within the Hebrew text. Such technical references became crucial to medieval rabbis in the historical context of forced debates with Christian clergy (who used the chapter and verse numbers), especially in late medieval Spain. Chapter divisions were first used by Jews in a 1330 manuscript, and for a printed edition in 1516. However, for the past generation, most Jewish editions of the complete Hebrew Bible have made a systematic effort to relegate chapter and verse numbers to the margins of the text.
The division of the Bible into chapters and verses has often elicited severe criticism from traditionalists and modern scholars alike. Critics charge that the text is often divided into chapters in an incoherent way, or at inappropriate rhetorical points, and that it encourages citing passages out of context, in effect turning the Bible into a kind of textual quarry for clerical citations. Nevertheless, the chapter divisions and verse numbers have become indispensable as technical references for Bible study.
Stephen Langton is reputed to have been the first to put the chapter divisions into a Vulgate edition of the Bible, in 1205. They were then inserted into Greek manuscripts of the New Testament in the 1400s. Robert Estienne (Robert Stephanus) was the first to number the verses within each chapter, his verse numbers entering printed editions in 1565 (New Testament) and 1571 (Hebrew Bible).
2006-06-18 08:15:51
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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They didn't have chapters and verses back then. I think the verse numbering occured after the Council of Yavna. Many religious Jews of the time had memorized all of Torah. So in order to make a reference all one had to do is say a few words and they would instantly know the entire context. It made things much easier.
These days most Christians have only a small idea of what the Bible says. They have memorized a few little "sound bites" and they seldom know the context even for that. You quote something like "I was glad when they said unto me, 'let us go unto the House of the L-rd'" and they will think it is a reference to going to church.
The Bereans were Pharisees of the synagogue in Berea. They were well versed in Torah and actually looked up everything that was quoted to make sure the quotations were correct. Unlike modern Christians who just blindly accept everything their pastors teach them with not even a thought of actually reading the Bible for themselves to see what is true.
2006-06-18 08:06:53
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answer #2
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answered by Daniel 6
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I believe you'll find He quoted the Torah He quoted in verbatim not by chapter and verse.
2006-06-18 08:09:21
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answer #3
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answered by snddupree 5
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Sorry to disagree, there was a written history thus the "scribes." Jesus in order to talk in the Synagogues had to teach/preach the Torah. He would not have been allowed in nor called teacher/rabbi if he didn't .History, not religion based.
2006-06-18 08:14:33
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answer #4
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answered by digilook 2
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Jesus simply spoke the truth. The wisest of those who listened, the Bereans, searched the scriptures daily to see if those things were so.
This I believe; http://homelessheart.com/testimony.htm
2006-06-18 08:08:06
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answer #5
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answered by Don S 4
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im soooooooooooo sorry
2006-06-18 08:08:25
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answer #6
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answered by allienfren4u 2
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