What does 'ultimus danum' mean?

Answer 1

ultimus is Latin for last. It is actually the superlative form of the comparative ulter, ulterior, ultimus (far, farther, farthest)

danum looks like the past passive participle of an archaic form of do dare dedi datus- to give. The participle form would be danatum, but syllables are often taken out in poetry to shorten a phrase when making iambs (we do this in English substituting o'er for over).

I would say this means "The last thing given"

I am not entirely confident because of the different endings -um and -us. These should be the same in a participle phrase, either both -um or both -us:

ultimum danum aut ultimus danus

ultimus would refer to the last thing that is masculine in gender.
ultimum would refer to the last thing that is neuter in gender.

Answer 2

There don't seem to be words precisely like those you mention. This is Latin; the closest would be:

ulterius : farther, more advanced, more remote.
damnum : loss, damage, injury / a fine

Depending upon the context of the phrase, I would guess something like final damage?

Answer 3

I would agree with Mary Beth, the root sounds of the words would seem to mean a 'final/ultimate doom' or 'final/ultimate damnation.'

Answer 4

The last damage/injure.