What are the most important components of an oral argument in a debate or a courtroom?

Answer 1

There is only one - the ability to persuade. Everything else is secondary to that

Answer 2

It's not a question of components. It's a matter of being persuasive, and using those elements that will be persuasive. You also have to have the oratorical gift and mental agility to be persuasive. Not everyone has these gifts, although they can be learned to some extent. You are selling your position in the debate or for your client, and you can't use money. You must use facts, the law, the equity (the "rightness") of your position and your belief in your position.