4 main causes of the french revolution?

Question

What were the four main reasons of the French revolution? Any help is appreciated. Thanks

Answer 1

Main causes of the French Revolution:

1) The social and psychological burdens of the many wars of the 18th century, which in the era before the dawn of nationalism were exclusively the province of the monarchy.

2) Aspirations for liberty and republicanism.

3) Widespread famine and malnutrition, which increased the likelihood of ailments and death, in the most destitute segments of the population during the months immediately before the Revolution.

4) High unemployment and high bread prices, causing more money to be spent on food and less in other areas of the economy.

Answer 2

Causes Of The French Revolution

Answer 3

Political and Social Inequalities

France still practised feudalism in the 18th century. The nobles and clergy enjoyed special privileges. They did not have to pay taxes. The common people did not have power and freedom in politics. They worked hard and had to pay heavy taxes. The nobles and clergy made up the First and Second Estates in the Estates General. The common people (i.e. the middle class (bourgeoisie), peasants and artisans) made up the Third Estate. The nobles and clergy could outvote the common people easily though the Estates General was always not called by the king, who ruled as an absolute monarch. The common people became discontented with the privileged classes.

Bankruptcy of the Government

Louis XIV had spent too much. His successors did not cut down expenses. Louis XVI also failed to improve the financial situation. He dismissed ministers who tried to introduce financial reforms. By 1789, the government was bankrupt.

Influence of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution

The ideas and writings of Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau became widespread. The French people were inspired to go against their king.

The suucess of the Americans to overthrow British rule encouraged the French to fight for their freedom.

Outbreak of revolution 1789

When Louis XVI finally called the Estates General to solve financial difficulties, the Third Estate did not agree with the unfair system of the Estates General. They formed the National Assembly to make a constitution. People were afraid that the king would suppress the National Assembly. They were also discontented that the king dismissed Necker, the popular Finance Minister. The hungry Parisians, who suffered from bad harvest, burst out their anger by attacking the Bastille prison (for political prisoners). The Fall of Bastille started the French Revolution. It spread out to other parts of France.

Answer 4

Inequality between estates. Nobles and clergy (first and second estates) didn't have to pay taxes and would outvote the 3rd Estate, so they held all the power.
The Third Estate (bourgeousie, peasants, artisans) were pretty unhappy with this arrangement.

Economics. Louis XIV was an extravagent spender, and subsequent kings did little to fix the financial problems, until the government was nearly bankrupt. The lower classes felt this the worst.

Enlightenment Ideology. Enlightenment writers like Rousseau and Voltaire influenced the french people. Enlightenement writings discussed the role of government, the rights of the people, the social contract, and when people have a right to rebel. They were also inspired by the American Revolution (which they helped us with, and expected us to return the favor, although we didn't meet their expectations).

Hungry Parisians storm the Bastille prison. (Bastille day).

Answer 5

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4 main causes of the french revolution?
What were the four main reasons of the French revolution? Any help is appreciated. Thanks

Answer 6

Speaking French & Loving German Culture!

Answer 7

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The first modern revolution because it changed the structure of society, rather than simply replacing the existing ruler or even the political regime, and created new ideologies to explain its course when nothing suitable could be adopted from the past. It produced the modern doctrine of nationalism, and spread it directly throughout Western Europe, something that has had enormous indirect consequences up to the present. The European wars of 1792-1815, sparked off by the French Revolution, spread both revolutionary ideas and nationalism (although the only newly free state created by the French Revolution was Haiti). The French Revolution also provided the empirical origin of modern theories of revolution, including that of Marx, as well as an important model for subsequent revolutions. Part of the reason for this was that France was pre-industrial, just as many of the countries that underwent subsequent revolutions were to be. Interpretations of the French Revolution have varied enormously, depending upon the political position and historical views of the writer. The relationship between the French Enlightenment and the Revolution is extremely complex. Burke blamed the Enlightenment, in which he included Rousseau, for the Revolution. But while the Enlightenment spread a sceptical rationalism, it did not propose the extremism or the political solutions adopted during the Revolution. Before 1789, France combined an absolute monarchy with feudalism. As Tocqueville first suggested, the aristocracy was exempted from taxation in return for not interfering with the king's policy. The latter was, however, fundamentally limited by the former even under Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1714), the most absolute of French kings. Because the wealthy paid no taxes, there was a permanent fiscal crisis, and the effects were only avoided by taxing the rest heavily, and by selling offices and letters of nobility. Because of its fiscal privilege, the aristocracy felt no need for a parliamentary system such as developed in England. The Revolution proper started 1789 and ended ten years later. A series of political and social crises led up to it, including widespread popular discontent because of poverty made worse by poor harvests. The royal treasury's normal state of near bankruptcy had become desperate because of help given to the American revolt against Britain. Attempts 1787 and 1788 by ministers of Louis XVI (reigned 1774-92) to address the financial problem by reducing the privileges of the aristocracy (and the clergy) produced revolt on their part. They induced him to call, for May 1789, the first meeting since 1614 of the Estates General, an assembly of representatives of feudal society. This body consisted of the First Estate, the clergy, the Second, the aristocracy, and the Third, the rest. The aristocracy expected to dominate the Estates General and although the king had decided in December 1788 that the Third Estate would have the same number of representatives as the other two together, they were still intended to sit and vote separately. If the First and Second agreed, they would always have defeated the Third. None of the estates was united. Each was divided between rich and poor members, and among different interest groups. When the Estates General met, the Third Estate withdrew and declared itself the National Assembly, inviting the others to join it. After some of the first two estates, especially the clergy, joined the Third, the king ordered them to combine into a single chamber, which then declared itself competent to give a new constitution to France. On 14 July 1789, the fortress in Paris known as the Bastille, then used as a prison, was seized and demolished as a symbol of despotism. In fact, although this event has been celebrated almost ever since as a national holiday, it contained only seven prisoners, and it is even possible that the demolition had already been ordered by the existing regime. On 4 August, remaining privileges, and effectively feudalism, were abolished, although various remnants continued in dispute. The Revolution continued, becoming more and more extreme as different groups succeeded for a time in gaining control. The wealth of the clergy was transferred to the nation and priests were required to accept civil status, which led to papal condemnation. Eventually, in 1791, the king attempted to escape from France, but was arrested. In 1792, the monarchy was abolished, France was proclaimed a Republic, and the king was put on trial. A new calendar was adopted, starting with Year I, with ten new months, named after prevailing weather conditions, in place of the old. In 1793, the king was executed, and Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, succeeded in becoming effective leader of the Committee of Public Safety, from which position he and his followers brought about the Terror in which thousands were summarily executed for supposed crimes against the Revolution. After a year, Robespierre fell, and was himself executed. Various schemes to reorganize government were tried, none of which worked for long, and eventually Napoleon Bonaparte succeeded with a coup d'état 1799 which eventually led to his election as emperor in 1804. Although started by the privileged, control of the Revolution rapidly passed to the middle classes and then, for a time, to the sans-culottes in Paris who were poor and extreme. Robespierre and the Jacobins obtained power with their support against their rivals, the Girondins, mainly because they were willing to accept the sans-culottes' demand for strict control of food prices, especially bread. Their failure to carry out the policy in full explains why the sans-culottes did not intervene on Robespierre's behalf when he was under attack. The price of bread was crucial because even in normal times, it took half the expenditure of the majority of the population, and in difficult times, much more. After Robespierre fell, control passed back to the middle classes. Napoleon's success represented a desire for internal order and victory abroad, although it was presented as the only way to keep the Revolution's achievements. The view of the Revolution, following Marx, as the replacement of a feudal economic system, based on agriculture and a rigid social hierarchy, by capitalism, based on industry with hierarchy established in the market, is far too crude. One aspect of the abolition of privilege was the reinforcement of the peasantry, both that which continued from before 1789 and the new members who joined it as a result of the disposal of land previously owned by the Church and some of the aristocracy. This class continues to exist and to wield considerable political influence. — Carl Slevin

Answer 8

spies, fear, a fanatical devotion to the Pope, and, um, the comfy chair?

Answer 9

1/Une succession de mauvaises récoltes de céréales les années antérieures (1777/1778) d'où désarroi de la masse paysanne française et des famines récurrentes.

2/Comme depuis des siècles et des décennies sous l'Ancien Régime, le peuple était impitoyablement écrasé sous les taxes et les gabelles diverses.

3/Une animosité (teintée de xénophobie) contre Marie-Antoinette jugée hautaine (semble-t-il à tort!) par le peuple français; de la part de Louis XVI un manque de vision politique et de clairvoyance pour l'avenir, il fut d'ailleurs souvent jugé par ses contemporains assez limité intellectuellement et inapte à diriger la France (sur un carnet qu'il tenait quotidiennement à la date du 14 juillet 1789, il écrivit "rien à signaler")

4/Une volonté de renverser le régime monarchique et de créer une rupture brutale avec l'Ancien Régime (surtout la grande importance de personnages-meneurs tels Robespierre,Danton, Saint-Just etc...)

5/La fuite de Varennes a contribué à révolter encore plus le peuple indigné par la tentative des époux royaux de se soustraire à la justice.

6/A mon sens, le mouvement a atteint un point d'orgue le 21 janvier 1793 lors de l' exécution du couple royal, à ce moment-là, on a pu penser que la monarchie avait connu en France son terme.