Copper; is an essential mineral (metal) for life.
Is the primary component in our electrical wiring, our motor's coils, our generator's coils and it is often used to transfer remigration fluids.
Copper is also one component in Bronze and Brass and the ability to smelt the softer metal allowed the Bronze Age of technology. Brass is important because of its natural germicide properties (despite all the nasty fluids in a brass spittoon it doesn’t harbor bacteria cultures).
Copper metal does react with hydrogen sulfide and sulfide containing solutions. A series of different copper sulfides can form on the surface of the copper metal; which is important in the electroplating industry and how electronic circuits are laid out.
According to Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper
"Copper (pronounced /ˈkɒpɚ/) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cu (Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with excellent electrical conductivity, and finds extensive use as an electrical conductor, heat conductor, as a building material, and as a component of various alloys.
Copper is an essential trace nutrient to all high plants and animals. In animals, including humans, it is found primarily in the bloodstream, as a co-factor in various enzymes, and in copper-based pigments. However, in sufficient amounts, copper can be poisonous and even fatal to organisms….
Copper can be found as native copper in mineral form. Minerals such as the sulfides: chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4), covellite (CuS), chalcocite (Cu2S) are sources of copper, as are the carbonates: azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) and malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2) and the oxide: cuprite (Cu2O)…
Copper(II) carbonate is green from which arises the unique appearance of copper-clad roofs or domes on some buildings. Copper(II) sulfate forms a blue crystalline pentahydrate which is perhaps the most familiar copper compound in the laboratory. It is used as a fungicide, known as Bordeaux mixture.
There are two stable copper oxides, copper(II) oxide (CuO) and copper(I) oxide (Cu2O). Copper oxides are used to make yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-δ) or YBCO which forms the basis of many unconventional superconductors.
Copper(I) compounds: copper(I) chloride, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) oxide.
Copper(II) compounds: copper(II) acetate, copper(II) carbonate, copper(II) chloride, copper(II) hydroxide, copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) oxide, copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfide, copper(II) tetrafluoroborate, copper(II) triflate.
Copper(III) compounds, rare: potassium hexafluorocuprate (K3CuF6)
Copper(IV) compounds, extremely rare: caesium hexafluorocuprate (Cs2CuF6)..
Applications:
Copper is malleable and ductile, a good conductor of heat and, when very pure, a good conductor of electricity…
Piping:
including, but not limited to, extreme water supply.
Copper wire:
Electromagnets.
Printed circuit boards.
Lead free solder, alloyed with tin.
Electrical machines, especially electromagnetic motors, generators and transformers.
Electrical relays, electrical busbars and electrical switches.
Vacuum tubes, cathode ray tubes, and the magnetrons in microwave ovens.
Wave guides for microwave radiation.
Integrated circuits, increasingly replacing aluminium because of its superior electrical conductivity.
As a material in the manufacture of computer heat sinks, as a result of its superior heat dissipation capacity to aluminium.
Architecuture:
Copper has been used as water-proof roofing material since ancient times, giving many old buildings their greenish roofs and domes. Initially copper oxide forms, replaced by cuprous and cupric sulfide, and finally by copper sulfate. The final sulfate patina is highly resistant to corrosion.
Statuary: The Statue of Liberty, for example, contains 179,220 pounds (81.3 tonnes) of copper.
Alloyed with nickel, e.g. cupronickel and Monel, used as corrosive assistant materials in shipbuilding.
Watt's steam engine. "
For more read the rest of the article. Copper is useful in household products, coinage, in chemistry, and as a component that makes glass green.
2007-12-17 09:45:32
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answer #1
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answered by Dan S 7
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Copper
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For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation).
29 nickel ← copper → zinc
-
↑
Cu
↓
Ag
Periodic table - Extended periodic table
General
Name, symbol, number copper, Cu, 29
Chemical series transition metals
Group, period, block 11, 4, d
Appearance metallic red/orange
Standard atomic weight 63.546(3) g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ar] 4s1 3d10
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 8.96 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 8.02 g·cm−3
Melting point 1357.77 K
(1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F)
Boiling point 2835 K
(2567 °C, 4643 °F)
Heat of fusion 13.26 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 300.4 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.440 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2836
Atomic properties
Crystal structure face centered cubic 3.6149 Å
Oxidation states 4, 3, 2, 1
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3666 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 145 pm
Covalent radius 138 pm
Van der Waals radius 140 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 401 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (annealed)
3810 m·s−1
Young's modulus 110 - 128 GPa
Shear modulus 48 GPa
CAS registry number 7440-50-8
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of copper iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
63Cu 69.15% Cu is stable with 34 neutrons
65Cu 30.85% Cu is stable with 36 neutrons
References
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Copper (pronounced /ˈkɒpɚ/) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cu (Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with excellent electrical conductivity, and finds extensive use as an electrical conductor, heat conductor, as a building material, and as a component of various alloys.
Copper is an essential trace nutrient to all high plants and animals. In animals, including humans, it is found primarily in the bloodstream, as a co-factor in various enzymes, and in copper-based pigments. However, in sufficient amounts, copper can be poisonous and even fatal to organisms.
Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for thousands of years. Civilizations in places such as Iraq, China, Egypt, Greece, India and the Sumerian cities all have early evidence of using copper. During the Roman Empire, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, hence the origin of the name of the metal as Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum. A number of countries, such as Chile and the United States, still have sizable reserves of the metal which are extracted through large open pit mines, though high demand relative to supply has caused a price spike in the 2000s.
2007-12-17 09:32:25
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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