What Were ALL The Reasons The Spanish Armarda Invaded England?

Question

Can You List Why Phillip And The Spanish Armarda Attacked

I Know Some. E.G: Rejection Of Marriage
List What They Where And Try And Explain Why

Please Help As Much As Possible.
I Will Be VERY Thankful

Answer 1

we may never know all the reasons but these should be enough for you: History Learning Site > Tudor England > The Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada sailed from Spain in July 1588. The Spanish Armada's task was to overthrow protestant England lead by Queen Elizabeth I. The Spanish Armada proved to be an expensive disaster for the Spanish but for the English it was a celebrated victory making Sir Francis Drake even more of a hero than he already was and even having an impact on Tudor Christmas celebrations!

Why did Spain want to overthrow Elizabeth? There were a number of reasons.
at the time of Elizabeth, Spain controlled what was called the Spanish Netherlands. This consisted of modern day Holland and Belgium. In particular, Holland wanted its independence. They did not like being made to be Catholic; in fact, Protestant ideas had taken root in Holland and many of those in Holland were secret Protestants. If they had publicly stated their Protestant beliefs, their lives would have been in danger. Spain used a religious secret police called the Inquisition to hunt out Protestants. However, during Elizabeth's reign, the English had been helping the Dutch Protestants in Holland. This greatly angered the king of Spain - Philip II - who wanted to stop this. He had for a short time been married to Elizabeth's half-sister, Mary, and when they were married, England was Catholic. With England under his control, Philip could control the English Channel and his ships could have an easy passage from Spain to the Spanish Netherlands. Spanish troops stationed there could be easily supplied.
also English 'sea-dogs' had been causing a great deal of damage to Spain's trade in silver. Men such as Sir Francis Drake attacked Spanish shipping off of the West Indies and Spain lost a vast sum of money when the ships carrying silver sunk or had their cargo captured by Drake. To the English, Drake was a hero but to the Spanish he was nothing more than a pirate who, in their view, was allowed to do what he did with the full knowledge of the queen. This the Spanish could not accept.
In 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed in England on the orders of Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, was a Catholic and Philip II believed that he had a duty to ensure no more Catholics were arrested in England and that no more should be executed. Mary, Queen of Scots, had also made it clear that if she became queen of England, Philip should inherit the throne after her death.

Hence his decision to attack and invade England.

The story of the Spanish Armada is one of mistakes all the way through. Even before the Armada sailed, serious problems were encountered:

Problem 1
In 1587, Drake attacked Cadiz harbour and destroyed or damaged a number of ships that were being prepared by the Spanish for the Armada

Problem 2
The stores put on board the new ships rotted as the barrels that contained the food and water were made of new wood which was still damp. This rotted the food and made the water sour.
Problem 3 The plan was to get to the Spanish Netherlands, pick up Spanish soldiers who were stationed there and invade England's south coast. But there was no obvious port to pick up the soldiers in the Netherlands.
Problem 4 Spain's Lord High Admiral was the famous Santa Cruz. He was a respected and successful admiral. He died in 1586. The admiral chosen by Philip to lead the Armada after Cruz's death was a very rich and successful general called the Duke of Medina Sidonia. Though a good general, Medina Sidonia had never been to sea before and when he did get on board his ship, he got seasick. Why did King Philip select a man who had never been to sea before to lead the world's then largest naval fleet?
Problem 5 The Armada first sailed in April 1588. It hit a terrible storm and many ships were damaged. They had to return to port to get repaired.

With all that had been going on, it was very difficult for the Spanish to keep the Armada a secret. In fact, they were keen to let the English know about the Armada as it was felt that the English would be terrified at the news of such a large fleet of naval ships attacking them.

The organisation to get the Armada ready was huge. Cannons, guns, gunpowder, swords and many other weapons of war were needed and Spain bought them from whoever would sell to them. A number of merchant ships had to be converted to be naval ships but the Armada (or the "Great Enterprise" as Philip called it) also contained ships that simply carried things rather than fought at sea. These ships carried amongst other items:
11 million pounds (in weight) of ships biscuits 11,000 pairs of sandals
40,000 gallons of olive oil 5,000 pairs of shoes
14,000 barrels of wine 180 priests
600,000 pounds of salted pork 728 servants

The Armada sailed on July 19th 1588. The fleet of 130 ships - including 22 fighting galleons - sailed in a crescent shape. This was not unusual as most fleets sailed in this shape as it offered the ships in that fleet the most protection. The larger but slower galleons were in the middle of the crescent and they were protected by faster but smaller boats surrounding them. Smaller ships known as zabras and pataches supplied the galleons. The Armada faced little opposition as it approached the coast of Cornwall on July 29th, 1588. It is said that Cornish fishermen fishing off the Lizard watched the Armada pass!

However, London was warned that the Armada was nearing England's coastline. Communications in the C16th were very poor yet the English had developed a way of informing London when the Armada was first seen. Beacons were lit along the coast. As soon as one beacon was seen, the next further along the coast was lit. When the beacons reached Beachy Head in Sussex, they went inland and towards London. In this way, London was quickly made aware that the Armada was approaching England.

As the Armada sailed up the English Channel, it was attacked by an English force lead by Sir Francis Drake. He was stationed in Plymouth. It is said that when Drake was informed of the Armada's approach, he replied that he had time to finish the game of bowls he was playing on Plymouth Hoe and time to defeat the Armada. It is possible that he knew that the tide of the River Tamar in Plymouth was against him, so that he could not get his ships out of Devonport - therefore, he knew that he could finish his game of bowls because his ships were dependent on the tide to move. If the tide was coming in, his ships had to stay tied up. If the tide was going out, then he had the freedom to move his ships into the Channel. Whatever the truth, what is true is that Drake and his men did very little damage to the Armada as it passed up the English Channel. What the English did do was waste a lot of ammunition firing at the Armada and not having much of an impact as the Spanish ships had well built hulls that proved to be solid.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

The Spanish Armada or Great Armada (Old Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, meaning "Great and Most Fortunate Navy", also known as the Armada Invencible ("Invincible Navy"),[3] was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588.

The Armada was sent by King Philip II of Spain, who had been king consort of England until the death of his wife, the Catholic Tudor queen Mary I of England in 1558 and the ascension of her half-sister Elizabeth I. The aim was to suppress English support for the United Provinces — part of the Spanish Netherlands — and to cut off attacks against Spanish possessions in the New World and the Atlantic treasure fleets. The expedition was supported by Pope Sixtus V, with the promise of a subsidy should it make land

Answer 4

0. The Armada was the escort to protect the soldiers who were to be embarked on the Continental Coast. As the invasion troops never even got on the ships, then the invasion was a non-event. As was Operation Sealion, as the troops never embarked on their barges, or the Napoleonic idea of invasion. So really they were all 0's. An invasion attempt is when troops get on fleet of boats, and go to sea with an actual destination in mind. None of the three above qualify.

Answer 5

The Spanish Armada NEVER invaded England. That was the idea, but it was beaten by Drake etc. before any invasion could take place,

Answer 6

Philip was also annoyed that Elizabeth had restored Protestantism in England. His anger with England increased further after Elizabeth knighted Francis Drake. The countries of Europe had an agreement that there would be free trade between them, Drake, however, preferred to trade privately and Philip saw Elizabeth's knighthood of him as an insult to the free trade agreement and began to prepare for war.

After the Protestant leader of the Netherlands, William of Orange, was assassinated, Elizabeth provided Drake with a navy of 25 ships and told him to harass Spanish ships.

The English sailor was took Spanish possessions from Colombia and Florida. Philip retaliated by seizing all English ships in Spanish ports.

Elizabeth allied England with the Protestant Dutch states who wanted freedom from Spain and sent an English army to assist them.

Philip made plans for a fleet of 130 Spanish ships to block the Channel and allow the Duke of Parma to invade England.


When Elizabeth ordered the execution of Catholic Mary Queen of Scots in 1587, Philip increased the numbers of ships bound for England and planned an invasion force. Once again his plans were upset by Drake who managed to enter Spanish waters and burn large numbers of the ships bound for England.The Armada under the control of Medina Sidonia, reached the western approaches to the English Channel. Warning beacons were lit all along the South Coast and the English navy was put to sea.

The English defending fleet, commanded by Lord Howard of Effingham, included ships captained by Drake, Frobisher and Hawkins. Effingham sailed in the 'Ark Royal', which had been built for Raleigh in 1581, while Drake captained 'The Revenge'. However, instead of concentrating all his resources in the straits of Dunkirk as Philip had thought he would, Effingham stationed a large contingent at Plymouth to shield the south-west coast from a direct landing.

The story is told that Drake was playing a game of bowls when the Armada was sighted, but insisted on completing the game before setting sail.

Many of the Armada's Captains favoured a direct assault on England, but Medina Sidonia's orders strictly forbade this. The fleet therefore sailed on from the Lizard to Calais to meet the Duke of Parma. However, on reaching Calais, the Duke of Parma was not to be seen. The Armada dropped anchor to await his arrival.At midnight, Howard sent eight fire ships into the congested Spanish ranks. Many Spanish Captains cut their cables in their haste to escape the flames. They blundered away from the blaze straight into the gunfire of the waiting English. Unfortunately for the Spanish, their fire power was vastly inferior to that of the English.

A change of wind blew the Armada North out of the range of English fire. However, the wind became a gale and the Spanish were driven further North and many were dashed on the Northern rocks. The survivors were forced to make their way round the Orkneys and down the Irish coast. The remains of the proud Armada limped home to Spain.

Answer 7

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Answer 8

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Answer 9

JD’s answer is good and concise, but you asked for all the causes I think. Allow me expand the view a bit.

Before 1534 England and Spain had been close allies, united against resurgent French power. The visible sign of that alliance was the marriage of the Spanish Infanta, Princess Catherine of Aragon to Arthur, Prince of Wales, the elder son of King Henry VII. Unfortunately Arthur was sickly teenager and died without issue. King Henry wanted to preserve the Spanish alliance (and keep Catherine’s dowry) so he arranged another match for Catherine - Prince Henry, his younger son, who was strong, robust, handsome and virile – the very ideal of a Renaissance prince.

Even though Catherine was almost six years older than Henry it turned out to be love match. There was a problem, however. Catherine was Prince Henry’s sister-in-law; such a marriage was forbidden by canon law as incestuous. However, Catherine swore an oath that her marriage to Arthur was unconsummated, and Pope Julius II granted a dispensation to allow the marriage to Henry.

On 11 June 1509 Henry married Catherine, and 13 days later he was crowned King Henry VIII. All went well for the royal couple for almost twenty years, except that Catherine produced only one child to live past infancy, their daughter Princess Mary (who later married Phillip II of Spain). Henry told his advisers that his lack of a male heir was God’s punishment for his sinful union with his brother’s widow. He began to seek a new, younger wife, and found one in Anne Boleyn.

Pope Leo X refused to grant a divorce (Leo was in serious debt to the Spanish crown) and an enraged Henry decided to take the bull by the horns. First he declared that the English church owed no allegiance to Rome, then he got a new Archbishop of Canterbury, the reform-minded Thomas Cranmer, to grant him a divorce, then he married Anne (1533). To make the whole thing look legal Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy (1534), which established the Reformation in England.

Spain was totally outraged by the Henry’s treatment of Catherine; they were none too pleased by England turning Protestant, either. Eventually Catherine’s daughter, Mary Tudor, ascended to the throne (1553), from which she sought to reverse the Reformation in England and avenge her much abused mother. First she had the Act of Supremacy repealed. Then she had her half-sister Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII, declared a bastard. Her next tactic was to marry in 1554 the most powerful Catholic prince in Europe -- Philip, the only son of Emperor Charles V, later King Philip II of Spain, making him King Consort of England.

Mary Tudor’s revenge also extended to persecution, torture and death by burning -- so much killing that she became known to history as Bloody Mary. She died without issue in 1558, to be followed on the throne by her erstwhile bastard half-sister Elizabeth.

Meanwhile, Philip grew fond of the idea of being King Consort, something he didn’t take much account of while Mary lived. He proposed marriage to Elizabeth (one imagines Philip holding his nose all the while, Elizabeth being a Protestant bastard and his semi-sister-in-law). Elizabeth refused him. This may have been the first time in his life that Philip, the most powerful monarch in the world with colonial possessions around the globe, had been told where to get off. There was only one thing to do after that rejection -- England had to come under the protection of Spain and return to the True Faith, if Elizabeth had to die, so be it.

PS

I also applaud Loren's answer. Here's one tidbit more. Francis Drake led a preemptive strike against the Armada while it was still being assembled in harbors of Cadiz and A Coruña. He destroyed a lot of stuff and delayed the enemy fleet for a year. But the most serious damage he caused may have been the most innocuous -- barrel staves! Drakes men burned a warehouse full of seasoned oak barrel staves.

In those days one of the most critical pieces of equipment on a ship was its barrels and casks since these held the supplies of food, water, beer and wine that crewmen needed for survival at sea. By the loss of their stock of seasoned (i.e. aged and dried) staves the Spanish coopers were obliged to make barrels using green wood, which was prone to warp and crack.

By the time the Armada reached English waters their barrels had already cracked, their exposed food was molding, their water and beer was turning green and foul, yet they hoped to shortly make a landing and replace their spoiled victuals. Drake ended their hopes by his night attack on their anchorage at Calais (the Spanish put in to that port hoping to buy supplies from the French, but the French delayed). Drake used some fireships as a psychological weapon. The Spanish were in mortal fear of explosive devices known as "hell-burners". When they saw Drakes fireships approaching they assumed the dreaded hell-burners were about to explode (they were really just ships on fire). The Spaniards panicked and cut their anchor cables, and escaped into the North Sea where wind and current drove them far to the north and away from any friendly haven.

With their food and water totally ruined (thanks to Drake's destruction of the staves a year before) the Spanish suffered horribly. Very few ships and men were lost due to English cannons, but starvation, disease and the rocky Irish seacoast killed them by the thousands -- out of 26,000 soldiers and mariners barely 10,000 survived.

Answer 10

the wrong ones