Question?? Of Hammurabi of Mesopotamia???

Question

How did Hammurabi's Code of Laws help advance Civilization???




What methods did Hammurabi use to establish and maintain effective control over his huge empire??






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Answer 1

Hammurabi was the ruler who chiefly established the greatness of Babylon, the world's first metropolis. Many relics of Hammurabi's reign ([1795-1750 BC]) have been preserved, and today we can study this remarkable King....as a wise law-giver in his celebrated code. . .

By far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is his code of laws, the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. The code was carved upon a black stone monument, eight feet high, and clearly intended to be reared in public view. This noted stone was found in the year 1901, not in Babylon, but in a city of the Persian mountains, to which some later conqueror must have carried it in triumph. It begins and ends with addresses to the gods. Even a law code was in those days regarded as a subject for prayer, though the prayers here are chiefly cursings of whoever shall neglect or destroy the law.
The code then regulates in clear and definite strokes the organization of society. The judge who blunders in a law case is to be expelled from his judgeship forever, and heavily fined. The witness who testifies falsely is to be slain. Indeed, all the heavier crimes are made punishable with death. Even if a man builds a house badly, and it falls and kills the owner, the builder is to be slain. If the owner's son was killed, then the builder's son is slain. We can see where the Hebrews learned their law of "an eye for an eye." These grim retaliatory punishments take no note of excuses or explanations, but only of the fact--with one striking exception. An accused person was allowed to cast himself into "the river," the Euphrates. Apparently the art of swimming was unknown; for if the current bore him to the shore alive he was declared innocent, if he drowned he was guilty. So we learn that faith in the justice of the ruling gods was already firmly, though somewhat childishly, established in the minds of men.
Yet even with this earliest set of laws, as with most things Babylonian, we find ourselves dealing with the end of things rather than the beginnings. Hammurabi's code was not really the earliest. The preceding sets of laws have disappeared, but we have found several traces of them, and Hammurabi's own code clearly implies their existence. He is but reorganizing a legal system long established.

Answer 2

I'm a little confused by the set up of this question but here is what i have. 1.Which precepts support ideas expressed in the excerpt from the Role of Women? In what way? (its the top story) precept 138 because it reinforces the role of women as subject to their husbands and fathers 2.What new information about women was revealed in the precepts? That for all the inequality in Mesopatamian society women were provided with some rights 3.What precept indicates whether men or women had more power? Explain precept 134 because with a man the women is helpless 4. What precepts indicate that women could own property or business? precept 150 it describes the situation where this could happen Hope this helps. Double check to be sure though.

Answer 3

Having a set of laws that was consistent and enforceable in a just way is what really makes civilization.

That code of laws was passed down in various forms to societies that came from the Mesopotamians and their neighbors.

That code of laws was one thing that helped the empire hold together. People didn't have to wonder what was legal and what wasn't. Magistrates and others could deal with situations that arose without having to wait for approval from elsewhere since they had the code of laws.
Of course there sill was a military holding the empire together as well.