Okay, you make your timeline. Now, what was the question??
2007-12-13 04:49:43
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answer #1
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answered by WMD 7
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There were three stages to the Peloponnesian war. The first stage (Archidamian War 431-421) was relatively ineffective: Sparta was terrible at sieges, and attacked Attica each year, burning their crops, etc. (Athens relied on their navy for resources), and Athens raided the Peloponnese coast. Pericles died in 429 from a devastating plague in Athens from a prolonged siege. Some speculate Athens never fully recovered after the plague. The second stage was a peace (Peace of Nicias) that did not last. It ended in 415. During this time Athens attempted movements against Sicily. This proved fatal, both with their tragic loss and their time/energy/resources to carry on such an expedition. The third stage (Ionian or Decelian War) involved Sparta creating problems for Athens and their Delian League. Sparta was aided by Persia to start rebellious movements in Ionia. Athens was also suffering from their defeat in 413 in Sicily. However, they survived and were quite tenacious. Sparta found their leader in Lysander, and the Spartans were forced to learn (with some Eastern help) how to conduct a navy. They could never best Athens' by skill, but they could win. Lysander, however, was skilled in naval command (rare for a Spartan who depended instead on land battles). Athens executed six of their top naval commanders after a minor defeat, so their fleet suffered from a lack of as much leadership as they had. This measure was also controversial, and there was unrest. Lysander blockaded the Hellespont, where Athens depended on grain. Athens suffered a crippling defeat at Aegospotami and defected the next year after a long siege at Athens in 404. Sparta won and became the hegemon of Greece. They instituted the controversial "thirty tyrants", ending democracy in Athens. Sparta was the hegemon for a while, but they were challenged in the 4th century by Thebes, who won hegemony for a while (371, Theban general Epaminondas defeated the Spartans at Leuctra, ending their hegemony--also radical because Spartans were so revered for their land battles). Thebes held out for a while, but were constantly challenged. Athens and Sparta were still players, and Thebes could not hold on. Philip of Macedon came on the scene decades later with this framework.
2016-05-23 09:35:56
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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