Define this History Definitions.?

Question

3/5th Compromise
Great Comprise
Checks and Balances
and Individual Rights

Answer 1

1. Slaves count as 3/5 of a person for representation in the U.S. Congress - - House of Representatives (1787)
2.The "Great Compromise" provided a dual system of congressional representation. In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population. In the Senate, all states would have the same number of seats. In 1787, this was a new idea.
3. Borrowed idea from Montesquieu - - having branches of government to keep one from becoming too powerful. In the U.S. - - the executive. legislative and judicial branches.
4. Probably refers to the Bill of Rights added to the U.S. Constitution.
The first ten amendments to the U S Constitution were introduced as a series of amendments in 1789. They became the Bill of Rights in 1791. These limit the powers of the federal government and protect the rights of all citizens.
- - the freedoms of speech, press, and religion; the people's right to keep and bear arms; the freedom of assembly; the freedom to petition; and the rights to be free of unreasonable search and seizure; cruel and unusual punishment; and compelled self-incrimination.

Answer 2

3/5th compromise-- For the purposes of representation in the House of Representatives for states, and for purposes of eligibility to apply for statehood for territories, a slave shall be counted as 3/5th of a white person. In other words If Alabama had 30,000 whites, and 50,000 slaves, then their population would be 60,000 for those purposes.

Great Compromise: Under the old Articles of Confederation, Congress consisted of one representative body, making it a unicameral legislature. At the Constitutional Convention, the structure of the Congress was debated. Larger, more populous states wanted representation in proportion to population. This is the Virginia Plan. If Virginia had 300,000 people, and they were entitled to one Representative for each 30,000, they would have 10 members from Virginia. If Connecticut had 60,000, they would have only 2. This gives Virginia an advantage.
The smaller states wanted equal representation of all states. If one representative for each state were the rule, at that time, there would be 13 members of Congress. This is the New Jersey Plan.
Roger Sherman, from Connecticut came up with a compromise. The Congress would have two houses, making it a bicameral legislature. In the Upper House, or Senate, each state would have equal representation. In the Lower House, or House of Representatives, representation was proportional to the population. One representative was seated for each 30,000 persons in the state.

Checks and Balances-- We have three branches to our government. The Legislative, Executive and Judicial. Allowing any one of these to have too much power will lead to a problem. The government of Great Britain was in the hands of the legislative branch. There was no other branch to control Parliament except Parliament. The government of France was the King and his ministers. The only way for the people to try and control Louis XVI, was for Louis XVI to call for the Estates General to assemble. Neither option appealed to the framers.
They chose to have a bicameral legislature which would pass the laws, but the President would have to sign them to make them law. If the President refused to sign, or vetoed the law passed by Congress, they would be able to over-ride it, but they'd have to have 2/3 of both houses vote to do so. Not an easy task, so this keeps the Congress from running rough-shod over the Presidency. The concept of Judicial Review, whereby the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional was established later, and is a further check on both other branches. The Supreme Court Justices, however, are appointed by the President, with the advise and consent of the Upper House, the Senate.

Individual rights-- These are those inalienable guarantees Mr. Jefferson wrote of, but with a slight alteration. In the Declaration, Jefferson deviated from the standard view of John Locke that the right to own property was an inalienable right. He changed it to happiness, making it a more intangible entity. The Constitution, most especially the Bill of Rights passed by the First Congress, guarantees these rights to the individual citizen in the first 9 amendments. The tenth reserving others to the states. There are other rights described in the First Article (Legislative) such as no bill of attainder, which is also a guarantee against being convicted of a crime without a proper trial and no expost facto laws, guaranteeing freedom from prosecution for something done by a person, which wasn't illegal at the time it was done.

I am attaching a link to a description of the Great Compromise and to Cornell's page on the Constitution.